Spider phylogenomics: untangling the Spider Tree of Life

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dc.contributor.authorGarrison, Nicole L.
dc.contributor.authorRodriguez, Juanita
dc.contributor.authorAgnarsson, Ingi
dc.contributor.authorCoddington, Jonathan A.
dc.contributor.authorGriswold, Charles E.
dc.contributor.authorHamilton, Christopher A.
dc.contributor.authorHedin, Marshal
dc.contributor.authorKocot, Kevin M.
dc.contributor.authorLedford, Joel M.
dc.contributor.authorBond, Jason E.
dc.contributor.otherAuburn University System
dc.contributor.otherAuburn University
dc.contributor.otherUniversity of Vermont
dc.contributor.otherSmithsonian Institution
dc.contributor.otherSmithsonian National Museum of Natural History
dc.contributor.otherCalifornia Academy of Sciences
dc.contributor.otherCalifornia State University System
dc.contributor.otherSan Diego State University
dc.contributor.otherUniversity of Alabama Tuscaloosa
dc.contributor.otherUniversity of California System
dc.contributor.otherUniversity of California Davis
dc.date.accessioned2021-08-25T21:22:38Z
dc.date.available2021-08-25T21:22:38Z
dc.date.issued2016
dc.description.abstractSpiders (Order Araneae) are massively abundant generalist arthropod predators that are found in nearly every ecosystem on the planet and have persisted for over 380 million years. Spiders have long served as evolutionary models for studying complex mating and web spinning behaviors, key innovation and adaptive radiation hypotheses, and have been inspiration for important theories like sexual selection by female choice. Unfortunately, past major attempts to reconstruct spider phylogeny typically employing the "usual suspect" genes have been unable to produce a well-supported phylogenetic framework for the entire order. To further resolve spider evolutionary relationships we have assembled a transcriptome-based data set comprising 70 ingroup spider taxa. Using maximum likelihood and shortcut coalescence-based approaches, we analyze eight data sets, the largest of which contains 3,398 gene regions and 696,652 amino acid sites forming the largest phylogenomic analysis of spider relationships produced to date. Contrary to long held beliefs that the orb web is the crowning achievement of spider evolution, ancestral state reconstructions of web type support a phylogenetically ancient origin of the orb web, and diversification analyses show that the mostly ground-dwelling, web-less RTA clade diversified faster than orb weavers. Consistent with molecular dating estimates we report herein, this may reflect a major increase in biomass of non-flying insects during the Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution 125-90 million years ago favoring diversification of spiders that feed on cursorial rather than flying prey. Our results also have major implications for our understanding of spider systematics. Phylogenomic analyses corroborate several well-accepted high level groupings: Opisthothele, Mygalomorphae, Atypoidina, Avicularoidea, Theraphosoidina, Araneomorphae, Entelegynae, Araneoidea, the RTA clade, Dionycha and the Lycosoidea. Alternatively, our results challenge the monophyly of Eresoidea, Orbiculariae, and Deinopoidea. The composition of the major paleocribellate and neocribellate clades, the basal divisions of Araneomorphae, appear to be falsified. Traditional Haplogynae is in need of revision, as our findings appear to support the newly conceived concept of Synspermiata. The sister pairing of filistatids with hypochilids implies that some peculiar features of each family may in fact be synapomorphic for the pair. Leptonetids now are seen as a possible sister group to the Entelegynae, illustrating possible intermediates in the evolution of the more complex entelegyne genitalic condition, spinning organs and respiratory organs.en_US
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.citationGarrison, N., et al. (2016): Spider Phylogenomics: Untangling the Spider Tree of Life. PeerJ: Life & Environment.
dc.identifier.doi10.7717/peerj.1719
dc.identifier.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9922-1978
dc.identifier.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6373-3875
dc.identifier.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7603-3093
dc.identifier.urihttp://ir.ua.edu/handle/123456789/8074
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherPeerJ
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectArachnida
dc.subjectMolecular systematics
dc.subjectAraneae
dc.subjectSpider phylogeny
dc.subjectWeb evolution
dc.subjectPHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS
dc.subjectMAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD
dc.subjectVENOM PEPTIDES
dc.subjectSILK PROTEINS
dc.subjectARANEAE
dc.subjectEVOLUTION
dc.subjectWEB
dc.subjectREVEALS
dc.subjectTOOL
dc.subjectDIVERSIFICATION
dc.subjectMultidisciplinary Sciences
dc.subjectScience & Technology - Other Topics
dc.titleSpider phylogenomics: untangling the Spider Tree of Lifeen_US
dc.typetext
dc.typeArticle

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