A Systematic Review of Clinical Case Formulation Methods and Pedagogies

This systematic review aimed to improve behavioral health clinician training by examining different case formulation methods and pedagogical approaches. The review included case formulation studies utilized by psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and trainees, looking at both the specific methods taught and the pedagogical approaches used. Fifty-one studies met the inclusion criteria, encompassing diverse methodologies and geographical locations. The review found no single “best” method for case conceptualization; however, the studies highlighted the experiential learning approaches in training. Significant gaps remain in understanding the direct link between the implementation of specific methods and improved clinical outcomes. Further research is needed to clarify optimal case formulation approaches, develop comprehensive training programs addressing various influencing factors (e.g., experience, theoretical orientation, and uncertainty tolerance), and create robust assessment tools. These findings have implications for improving clinical training, standardizing practice, and, ultimately, enhancing the quality of mental health care.