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Photo Protection of Haematococcus pluvialis Algae by Astaxanthin: Unique Properties of Astaxanthin Deduced by EPR, Optical and Electrochemical Studies

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dc.contributor.authorFocsan, A. Ligia
dc.contributor.authorPolyakov, Nikolay E.
dc.contributor.authorKispert, Lowell D.
dc.contributor.otherValdosta State University
dc.contributor.otherVoevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics & Combustion SB RAS
dc.contributor.otherUniversity of Alabama Tuscaloosa
dc.date.accessioned2023-09-28T19:18:56Z
dc.date.available2023-09-28T19:18:56Z
dc.date.issued2017
dc.description.abstractThe antioxidant astaxanthin is known to accumulate in Haematococcus pluvialis algae under unfavorable environmental conditions for normal cell growth. The accumulated astaxanthin functions as a protective agent against oxidative stress damage, and tolerance to excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) is greater in astaxanthin-rich cells. The detailed mechanisms of protection have remained elusive, however, our Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR), optical and electrochemical studies on carotenoids suggest that astaxanthin's efficiency as a protective agent could be related to its ability to form chelate complexes with metals and to be esterified, its inability to aggregate in the ester form, its high oxidation potential and the ability to form proton loss neutral radicals under high illumination in the presence of metal ions. The neutral radical species formed by deprotonation of the radical cations can be very effective quenchers of the excited states of chlorophyll under high irradiation.en_US
dc.format.mediumelectronic
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.citationFocsan, A., Polyakov, N., & Kispert, L. (2017). Photo Protection of Haematococcus pluvialis Algae by Astaxanthin: Unique Properties of Astaxanthin Deduced by EPR, Optical and Electrochemical Studies. In Antioxidants (Vol. 6, Issue 4, p. 80). MDPI AG. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox6040080
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/antiox6040080
dc.identifier.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3666-7750
dc.identifier.urihttps://ir.ua.edu/handle/123456789/11287
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.rights.licenseAttribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectastaxanthin
dc.subjectantioxidant
dc.subjectHaematococcus pluvialis
dc.subjectmetal chelation
dc.subjectreactive oxygen species
dc.subjectphoto protection
dc.subjectcarotenoid
dc.subjectradical cation
dc.subjectproton loss neutral radicals
dc.subjectELECTRON-PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE
dc.subjectLIGHT-HARVESTING COMPLEXES
dc.subjectCAROTENOID NEUTRAL RADICALS
dc.subjectMCM-41 MOLECULAR-SIEVES
dc.subjectSINGLET OXYGEN
dc.subjectTIO2 NANOPARTICLES
dc.subjectSUPEROXIDE ANION
dc.subjectCATION FORMATION
dc.subjectSILICA-ALUMINA
dc.subjectPLANT ANTENNA
dc.subjectBiochemistry & Molecular Biology
dc.subjectChemistry, Medicinal
dc.subjectFood Science & Technology
dc.titlePhoto Protection of Haematococcus pluvialis Algae by Astaxanthin: Unique Properties of Astaxanthin Deduced by EPR, Optical and Electrochemical Studiesen_US
dc.typeReview
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