A search is presented for charged Higgs bosons in the H(^{±}) → (τ^{±}ν_{τ}) decay mode in the hadronic final state and in final states with an electron or a muon. The search is based on proton-proton collision data recorded by the CMS experiment in 2016 at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb⁻¹. The results agree with the background expectation from the standard model. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set on the production cross section times branching fraction to (τ^{±}ν_{τ}) for an H(^{±}) in the mass range of 80GeV to 3TeV, including the region near the top quark mass. The observed limit ranges from 6 pb at 80 GeV to 5 fb at 3 TeV. The limits are interpreted in the context of the minimal supersymmetric standard model (m_{h}^{mod−}) scenario.