Controlling type 2 diabetes mellitus requires the individual to perform specific self-care behaviors. The current study investigated the impact of anxiety and depression on these behaviors. In addition, the study investigated the role of sociodemographic variables, sleep and pain in the performance of specific self-care behaviors. Using data collected from primary care clinics providing integrated care to individuals with type 2 diabetics, the Chi-Square Test of Independence was conducted to investigate relationships. This was followed by a series of logistic regressions to identify variables that could predict changes in self-care. Depression and anxiety was measured by scores on the PHQ-9 and GAD-7. Levels of self-care were measured by information collected from patients completing the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities. Findings from this study suggest that self-care behaviors can be influenced by numerous factors: anxiety, age, ethnicity, gender, marital status, and sleep difficulty. Both a correlation and predictive relationship between anxiety and general diet scores were found, but anxiety did not have a statistically significant impact on any other individual self-care behavior. The current study makes a meaningful contribution to the literature by examining the influence of anxiety, depression, sociodemographic factors, sleep and pain on improvements in self-care behaviors.