• Identifying Potential Mass Shooters and Suicide Terrorists with Warning Signs of Suicide, Perceived Victimization, and Desires for Attention or Fame 

  Lankford, Adam (2018)

  In the United States and Europe, the distinction between public mass shooters and suicide terrorists no longer seems particularly meaningful. A number of public mass shooters have considered using bombs and claimed to ...
• From Columbine to Palestine: A Comparative Analysis of Rampage Shooters in the United States and Volunteer Suicide Bombers in the Middle East 

  Lankford, Adam; Hakim, N. (2011)

  Previous research comparing rampage shooters in the U.S. and volunteer suicide bombers in the Middle East appears to be virtually non-existent. When these two types of suicidal killers have been mentioned in the same ...
• Fame-Seeking Rampage Shooters: Initial Findings and Empirical Predictions 

  Lankford, Adam (2016)

  Increasingly in America, fame is revered as the ultimate form of prestige-bearing success, and the distinction between fame and infamy seems to be disappearing. In this context, some rampage shooters succumb to “delusions ...
• An Epidemiological Analysis of Public Mass Shooters and Active Shooters: Quantifying Key Differences Between Perpetrators and the General Population, Homicide Offenders, and People who Die by Suicide 

  Lankford, Adam; Silver, J.; Sox, J. (2021)

  This study compared public mass shooters (n = 171) and active shooters (n = 63) in the United States to the general population, homicide offenders, and people who die by suicide. Comparisons with the general population ...
• Why Have Public Mass Shootings Become More Deadly? Assessing How Perpetrators’ Motives and Methods Have Changed Over Time 

  Lankford, Adam; Silver, James (2020)

  Research Summary: Public mass shootings in the United States have become substantially more deadly over time. We document this increase, offer a model to explain it, review supporting evidence for the model, and present ...
• The Timing of Opportunities to Prevent Mass Shootings: A Study of Mental Health Contacts, Work and School Problems, and Firearms Acquisition 

  Lankford, Adam; Silva, Jason R. (2021)

  Although it is important to know what public mass shooters have in common, it is also helpful to understand when different variables were present on their pathways to violence. This study explored the timing of key life ...
• Has the Role of Mental Health Problems in Mass Shootings Been Significantly Underestimated? 

  Lankford, Adam; Cowan, Rebecca G. (2020)

  Objective: Prior research suggests that approximately two‐thirds of public mass shooters exhibit signs of mental illness. This study analyzed whether that means there are two psychological types of perpetrators (some ...
• Do the Media Unintentionally Make Mass Killers Into Celebrities? An Assessment of Free Advertising and Earned Media Value 

  Lankford, Adam (2018)

  In recent years, some critics have suggested that the media make mass killers into celebrities by giving them too much attention. However, whether the media coverage these offenders get actually approaches the amounts ...
• Are the Deadliest Mass Shootings Preventable? An Assessment of Leakage, Information Reported to Law Enforcement, and Firearms Acquisition Prior to Attacks in the United States 

  Lankford, Adam; Adkins, K. G.; Madfis, E. (2019)

  This study examined the 15 deadliest public mass shootings in the United States from March 1998 to February 2018 to assess (1) leakage of violent thoughts/intent, (2) leakage of specific interest in mass killing, (3) ...
• A Psychological Re‐Examination of Mental Health Problems Among the 9/11 Terrorists 

  Lankford, Adam (2018)

  More than 15 years have passed since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, and a comprehensive re‐examination of the 9/11 attackers is now warranted. Research on the psychology of terrorists has evolved dramatically, ...
• A Comparative Analysis of Suicide Terrorists and Rampage, Workplace, and School Shooters in the United States from 1990-2010 

  Lankford, Adam (2013)

  This study presents results from the first combined quantitative assessment and comparative analysis of suicide terrorists and rampage, workplace, and school shooters who attempt suicide. Findings suggest that in the ...
• Public Mass Shooters and Firearms: A Cross-National Study of 171 Countries 

  Lankford, Adam (2016)

  Objective: Model the global distribution of public mass shooters around the world. Method: Negative binomial regression is used to test the effects of homicide rates, suicide rates, firearm ownership rates, and several ...
• A Sexual Frustration Theory of Aggression, Violence, and Crime 

  Lankford, Adam (2021)

  Background: Sexual frustration is a common experience for many people; it is one of the biggest frustrations in some individuals' lives; and it has been cited as a cause of immoral behavior for centuries. However, it ...
• Criminogenic Assymetries in Cyberspace: A Comparative Analysis of Two Tor Marketplaces 

  Dolliver, Diana S.; Love, Katherine L. (2015-11)

  Cyberspace presents a unique medium in which criminogenic asymmetries propagate, fueled by globalization processes that contribute to various forms of transnational criminality. The cyber domain challenges traditional ...
• Cultural and Institutional Adaptation and Change in Europe: A Test of Institutional Anomie Theory Using Time Series Modelling of Homicide Data 

  Dolliver, Diana S. (2015-07)

  This study examined whether geographic differences in intentional homicide rates in Europe were a function of societies that exhibit Anomic cultural tendencies and an institutional imbalance, as guided by Institutional ...
• Characteristics of Drug Vendors on the Tor Network: A Cryptomarket Comparison 

  Dolliver, Diana S.; Kenney, Jennifer L. (2016-05-02)

  Past research on drug-related vendors on Tor marketplaces indicate that sellers are motivated by the greater anonymity afforded by the Tor Network. Limited research has even posited that some drug-related vendors on ...
• The Presence of New Psychoactive Substances in a Tor Network Marketplace Environment 

  Dolliver, Diana S.; Kuhns, Joseph B. (2016-09-23)

  Prior research has documented the availability of drugs on many Tor Network websites, with the Internet playing a particularly vital role in the global new psychoactive substances (NPS) market. The primary objective of ...
• Requirements and Facilitators for Suicide Terrorism: An Explanatory Framework for Prediction and Prevention 

  Lankford, Adam (2011)

  When it comes to explaining, predicting, and preventing suicide terrorism, there is a lot more important work to be done. This paper draws on the most recent evidence about where suicide terrorism occurs and why to propose ...
• An Analysis of Sexual Assault in the U.S. Military, 2004-2009 

  Lankford, Adam (2012-09-19)

  From 2004 to 2009, U.S. military reports of sexual assault increased by 90%. Whether this reflects a real increase in sexual assaults, or just an increase in reporting, the Department of Defense has committed to reducing ...
• Social Influence in the Online Recruitment of Terrorists and Terrorist Sympathizers: Implications for Social Psychology Research 

  Lankford, Adam; Guadagno, Rosanna E.; Muscanell, Nicole L.; Okdie, Bradley M.; McCallum, Debra M. (2010-01)

  Since its inception, people have constantly found new and unexpected ways to communicate via the Internet. One such use has been the recruitment of new members by terrorist organizations such as Al Qaeda (Riedel, 2007). ...

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