The linear diameters D_r of the inner ring (r) and pseudo-ring (rs) structures in spiral galaxies of different morphological types and stage Sab to Sd (2 ≤ T ≤ 7) in the revised Hubble system are calibrated by means of ...
The diameters d_r, of inner ring structures in disk galaxies are used as geometric distance indicators to derive the distances of 453 spiral and lenticular galaxies, mainly in the distance interval 4 < Δ < 63 Mpc. The ...