Research and Publications - Department of Kinesiology

Permanent URI for this collection

https://ir.ua.edu/handle/123456789/2871

Browse

Browsing Research and Publications - Department of Kinesiology by Title

Now showing 1 - 20 of 59
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Accuracy of a Mobile 2D Imaging System for Body Volume and Subsequent Composition Estimates in a Three-Compartment Model
    (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2021) Fedewa, Michael V.; Sullivan, Katherine; Hornikel, Bjoern; Holmes, Clifton J.; Metoyer, Casey J.; Esco, Michael R.; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa
    Purpose The purpose of the study was to compare a single two-dimensional image processing system (IMAGE) to underwater weighing (UWW) for measuring body volume (BV) and subsequently estimating body fat percentage (%Fat), fat mass (FM), and fat-free mass (FFM) via a 3-compartment (3C) model. Methods A sample of participants age 18-39 yr was recruited for this study (n = 67, 47.8% female). BV was measured with UWW and predicted via the IMAGE software. The BV estimates from UWW (3C(UWW)) and IMAGE (3C(IMAGE)) were separately combined with constant total body water and body mass values for 3C model calculation of %Fat, FM, and FFM. Results BV obtained from the IMAGE was 67.76 +/- 12.19 and 67.72 +/- 12.04 L from UWW, which was not significantly different (P = 0.578) and very largely correlated (r = 0.99, P < 0.001). When converted to %Fat (3C(UWW) = 21.01% +/- 7.30%, 3C(IMAGE) = 21.08% +/- 7.04%, P = 0.775), FM (3C(UWW) = 14.68 +/- 5.15 kg, 3C(IMAGE) = 14.78 +/- 5.08 kg, P = 0.578), and FFM (3C(UWW) = 57.00 +/- 13.20 kg, 3C(IMAGE) = 56.90 +/- 12.84 kg, P = 0.578) with the 3C model, no significant mean differences and very large correlations (r values ranged from 0.96 to 0.99) were observed. In addition, the standard error of estimate, total error, and 95% limits of agreement for all three metrics were small and considered acceptable. Conclusions An IMAGE system provides valid estimates of BV that accurately estimates body composition in a 3C model.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Achieving Consensus Through a Modified Delphi Technique to Create the Post-concussion Collegiate Return-to-Learn Protocol
    (Adis, 2023) Memmini, Allyssa K.; Popovich, Michael J.; Schuyten, Kristen H.; Herring, Stanley A.; Scott, Katie L.; Clugston, James R.; Choe, Meeryo C.; Bailey, Christopher M.; Brooks, M. Alison; Anderson, Scott A.; McCrea, Michael A.; Kontos, Anthony P.; Wallace, Jessica S.; Mihalik, Johna K. Register; Kasamatsu, Tricia M.; McLeod, Tamara Valovich; Rawlins, Michelle L. Weber; Snedden, Traci R.; Kaplan, Matthew; Akani, Briana; Orr, La'Joya C. L.; Hasson, Rebecca E.; Rifat, Sami F.; Broglio, Steven P.; University of New Mexico; University of Michigan; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University of Florida; University of California Los Angeles; University of California Los Angeles Medical Center; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of Oklahoma - Norman; Medical College of Wisconsin; University of Pittsburgh; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; California State University Fullerton; A.T. Still University of Health Sciences; San Diego State University; Cleveland Clinic Foundation
    Background Sport-related concussions (SRCs) affect millions of adolescents and young adults annually in the USA; however, current SRC consensus statements provide limited guidance on academic support for students within higher education. Objective To generate consensus on appropriate academic recommendations for clinicians, students, and academic stakeholders to support university students during their recovery. Methods Panelists participated in three stages of a modified Delphi procedure: the first stage included a series of open-ended questions after reviewing a literature review on post-SRC return-to-learn (RTL) in higher education; the second stage asked panelists to anonymously rate the recommendations developed through the first Delphi stage using a 9-point scale; and the final stage offered panelists the opportunity to change their responses and/or provide feedback based on the group's overall ratings. Results Twenty-two panelists including clinicians, concussion researchers, and academic stakeholders (54.5% female) from 15 institutions and/or healthcare systems participated in a modified Delphi procedure. A total of 42 statements were developed after round one. Following the next two rounds, 27 statements achieved consensus amongst the panel resulting in the four-stage Post-Concussion Collegiate RTL Protocol. Conclusion There are several unique challenges when assisting university students back to the classroom after SRC. Explicit guidelines on when to seek additional medical care (e.g., if they are experiencing worsening or persistent symptoms) and how to approach their instructor(s) regarding academic support may help the student self-advocate. Findings from the present study address barriers and provide a framework for universities to facilitate a multidisciplinary approach amongst medical and academic stakeholders.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Acute Effect of Lower-Body Vibration as a Recovery Method After Fatiguing Exercise
    Nepocatych, Svetlana; Balilionis, Gytis; Katica, Charlie P.; Wingo, Jonathan E.; Bishop, Philip A.; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Acute Effects of a Perturbation-Based Balance Training on Cognitive Performance in Healthy Older Adults: A Pilot Study
    (Frontiers, 2021) Martelli, Dario; Kang, Jiyeon; Aprigliano, Federica; Staudinger, Ursula M.; Agrawal, Sunil K.; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa; State University of New York (SUNY) Buffalo; Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna; Columbia University
    Aging is accompanied by an alteration in the capacity to ambulate, react to external balance perturbations, and resolve cognitive tasks. Perturbation-based balance training has been used to induce adaptations of gait stability and reduce fall risk. The compensatory reactions generated in response to external perturbations depend on the activation of specific neural structures. This suggests that training balance recovery reactions should show acute cognitive training effects. This study aims to investigate whether exposure to repeated balance perturbations while walking can produce acute aftereffects that improve proactive and reactive strategies to control gait stability and cognitive performance in healthy older adults. It is expected that an adaptation of the recovery reactions would be associated with increased selective attention and information processing speed. Twenty-eight healthy older adults were assigned to either an Experimental (EG) or a Control Group (CG). The protocol was divided in 2 days. During the first visit, all participants completed the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) and the Trail Making Test (TMT). During the second visit, a cable-driven robot was used to apply waist-pull perturbations while walking on a treadmill. The EG was trained with multidirectional perturbations of increasing intensity. The CG walked for a comparable amount of time with cables on, but without experiencing perturbations. Before and after the training, all participants were exposed to diagonal waist-pull perturbations. Changes in gait stability were evaluated by comparing the distance between the heel of the leading leg and the extrapolated Center of Mass (Heel-XCoM Distance-HXD) at perturbation onset (PON) and first compensatory heel strike (CHS). Finally, the cables were removed, and participants completed the SDMT and the TMT again. Results showed that only the EG adapted the gait stability (p < 0.001) in reaction to diagonal perturbations and showed improved performance in the SDMT (p < 0.001). This study provides the first evidence that a single session of perturbation-based balance training produce acute aftereffects in terms of increased cognitive performance and gait stability in healthy older adults. Future studies will include measures of functional activation of the cerebral cortex and examine whether a multi-session training will demonstrate chronic effects.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Acute Exercise and Oxidative Stress: CrossFit (TM) vs. Treadmill Bout
    (Sciendo, 2015) Kliszczewicz, Brian; Quindry, C. John; Blessing, L. Daniel; Oliver, D. Gretchen; Esco, R. Michael; Taylor, J. Kyle; Kennesaw State University; Auburn University; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa
    CrossFit (TM), a popular high-intensity training modality, has been the subject of scrutiny, with concerns of elevated risk of injury and health. Despite these concerns empirical evidence regarding physiologic stresses including acute oxidative stress is lacking. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to examine the acute redox response to a CrossFit (TM) bout. Furthermore, these findings were compared to a high-intensity treadmill bout as a point of reference. Ten males 26.4 +/- 2.7 yrs having three or more months of CrossFit (TM) experience participated in the present study. Blood plasma was collected at four time points: Pre-exercise (PRE), immediately-post-exercise (IPE), 1 hr-post (1-HP) and 2 hr-post (2-HP), to examine oxidative damage and antioxidant capacity. Regarding plasma oxidative damage, CrossFit (TM) and Treadmill elicited a time-dependent increase of lipid peroxides 1-HP (CrossFit (TM)=+143%, Treadmill=+115%) and 2-HP (CrossFit (TM) =+256%, Treadmill+167%). Protein Carbonyls were increased IPE in CF only (+5%), while a time-dependent decrease occurred 1-HP (CrossFit (TM)=-16%, Treadmill=-8%) and 2-HP (CF=-16%, TM=-1%) compared to IPE. Regarding antioxidant capacity, Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power also demonstrated a time-dependent increase within CrossFit (TM) and Treadmill: IPE (CrossFit (TM)=+25%, Treadmill=+17%), 1-HP (CrossFit (TM)=+26%, Treadmill=+4.8%), 2-HP (CrossFit (TM)=+20%, Treadmill=+12%). Total Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity showed a time-dependent decrease in IPE (CrossFit (TM)=-10%, Treadmill=-12%), 1-HP (CrossFit (TM)=-12%, Treadmill=-6%), 2-HP (CrossFit (TM)=-7%, Treadmill=11%). No trial-dependent differences were observed in any biomarker of oxidative stress. The CrossFit (TM) bout elicited an acute blood oxidative stress response comparable to a traditional bout of high-intensity treadmill running. Results also confirm that exercise intensity and the time course of exercise recovery influence oxidative responses.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Adequacy of the Ultra-Short-Term HRV to Assess Adaptive Processes in Youth Female Basketball Players
    (Sciendo, 2017) Nakamura, Fabio Y.; Pereira, Lucas A.; Abad, Cesar C. Cal; Cruz, Igor F.; Flatt, Andrew A.; Esco, Michael R.; Loturco, Irineu; Universidade Estadual de Londrina; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa
    Heart rate variability has been widely used to monitor athletes' cardiac autonomic control changes induced by training and competition, and recently shorter recording times have been sought to improve its practicality. The aim of this study was to test the agreement between the (ultra-short-term) natural log of the root-mean-square difference of successive normal RR intervals (lnRMSSD - measured in only 1 min post-1 min stabilization) and the criterion lnRMSSD (measured in the last 5 min out of 10 min of recording) in young female basketball players. Furthermore, the correlation between training induced delta change in the ultra-short-term lnRMSSD and the criterion lnRMSSD was calculated. Seventeen players were assessed at rest pre-and post-eight weeks of training. Trivial effect sizes (-0.03 in the pre-and 0.10 in the post-treatment) were found in the comparison between the ultra-short-term lnRMSSD (3.29 +/- 0.45 and 3.49 +/- 0.35 ms, in the pre-and post-, respectively) and the criterion lnRMSSD (3.30 +/- 0.40 and 3.45 +/- 0.41 ms, in the pre-and post-, respectively) (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.95 and 0.93). In both cases, the response to training was significant, with Pearson's correlation of 0.82 between the delta changes of the ultra-short-term lnRMSSD and the criterion lnRMSSD. In conclusion, the lnRMSSD can be calculated within only 2 min of data acquisition (the 1(st) min discarded) in young female basketball players, with the ultra-short-term measure presenting similar sensitivity to training effects as the standard criterion measure.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    African American Females Are Less Metabolically Flexible Compared with Caucasian American Females following a Single High-Fat Meal: A Pilot Study
    (MDPI, 2022) Olenick, Alyssa A.; Pearson, Regis C.; Shaker, Nuha; Blankenship, Maire M.; Tinius, Rachel A.; Winchester, Lee J.; Oregon, Evie; Maples, Jill M.; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; University of Kentucky; Western Kentucky University; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa; University of Tennessee System; University of Tennessee Health Science Center
    The relationship between metabolic flexibility (MF) and components of metabolic disease has not been well-studied among African American (AA) females and may play a role in the higher incidence of chronic disease among them compared with Caucasian American (CA) females. This pilot study aimed to compare the metabolic response of AA and CA females after a high-fat meal. Eleven AA (25.6 (5.6) y, 27.2 (6.0) kg/m(2), 27.5 (9.7) % body fat) and twelve CA (26.5 (1.5) y, 25.7 (5.3) kg/m(2), 25.0 (7.4) % body fat) women free of cardiovascular and metabolic disease and underwent a high-fat meal challenge (55.9% fat). Lipid oxidation, insulin, glucose, and interleukin (IL)-8 were measured fasted, 2 and 4 h postprandial. AA females had a significantly lower increase in lipid oxidation from baseline to 2 h postprandial (p = 0.022), and trended lower at 4 h postprandial (p = 0.081) compared with CA females, indicating worse MF. No group differences in insulin, glucose or HOMA-IR were detected. IL-8 was significantly higher in AA females compared with CA females at 2 and 4 h postprandial (p = 0.016 and p = 0.015, respectively). These findings provide evidence of metabolic and inflammatory disparities among AA females compared with CA females that could serve as a predictor of chronic disease in individuals with a disproportionately higher risk of development.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Association between Subjective Indicators of Recovery Status and Heart Rate Variability among Divison-1 Sprint-Swimmers
    (MDPI, 2018) Flatt, Andrew A.; Esco, Michael R.; Nakamura, Fabio Y.; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa; G d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara; James Cook University
    Heart rate variability (HRV) is a physiological marker of training adaptation among athletes. However, HRV interpretation is challenging when assessed in isolation due to its sensitivity to various training and non-training-related factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between athlete-self report measures of recovery (ASRM) and HRV throughout a preparatory training period. Ultra-short natural logarithm of the root mean square of successive differences (LnRMSSD) and subjective ratings of sleep quality, fatigue, muscle soreness, stress and mood were acquired daily for 4 weeks among Division-1 sprint-swimmers (n = 17 males). ASRM were converted to z-scores and classified as average (z-score -0.5-0.5), better than average (z-score > 0.5) or worse than average (z-score < -0.5). Linear mixed models were used to evaluate differences in LnRMSSD based on ASRM classifications. LnRMSSD was higher (p < 0.05) when perceived sleep quality, fatigue, stress and mood were better than average versus worse than average. Within-subject correlations revealed that 15 of 17 subjects demonstrated at least one relationship (p < 0.05) between LnRMSSD and ASRM variables. Changes in HRV may be the result of non-training related factors and thus practitioners are encouraged to include subjective measures to facilitate targeted interventions to support training adaptations.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Associations between Multimodal Fitness Assessments and Rowing Ergometer Performance in Collegiate Female Athletes
    (MDPI, 2020) Holmes, Clifton J.; Hornikel, Bjoern; Sullivan, Katherine; Fedewa, Michael V.; Washington University (WUSTL); University of Alabama Tuscaloosa
    The purpose was to examine the association of critical power from a three-minute all-out row (CP3-min) and peak power from a one-stroke maximum test (1-Stroke) with laboratory-based fitness assessments (peak oxygen consumption [(V)over dotO(2peak)] and Wingate anaerobic test [WAnT]) and 6000 m (6K) and 2000 m (2K) rowing ergometer performance. Thirty-one female collegiate rowers (20.2 +/- 1.1 years, 70.9 +/- 6.9 kg, and 172.2 +/- 4.8 cm) participated in fitness and rowing performance testing. Pearson's correlations, linear regression, and Cohen's q were used to determine statistical relationships. Absolute (V)over dotO(2peak) values displayed significant correlations with 6K(total) (-0.68), 6K(split) (-0.68), 2K(total) (-0.64), and 2K(split) (-0.43). Relative (V)over dotO(2peak) displayed significant correlations with 6K(total) (-0.36), and 6K(split) (-0.37). CP3-min demonstrated significant correlations with 6K(total) (-0.62), 6K(split) (-0.62), 2K(total) (-0.61), and 2K(split) (-0.99). For 2K(split), a significant difference was observed between relative (V)over dotO(2peak) and CP3-min correlations with a "large" effect size (q = 2.367). Furthermore, 1-Stroke showed significant associations with 6K(total) (-0.63), 6K(split) (-0.63), 2K(total) (-0.62), and 2K(split) (-0.44), while WAnT produced non-significant correlations. Absolute (V)over dotO(2peak) CP3-min accounted for significant proportions of variance observed with performance measures (p < 0.05). Practitioners should consider incorporating CP3-min and 1-Stroke as additional tests for gauging rowing performance.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Balance, Basic Anthropometrics and Performance in Young Alpine Skiers; Longitudinal Analysis of the Associations During Two Competitive Seasons
    (Sciendo, 2017) Lesnik, Blaz; Sekulic, Damir; Supej, Matej; Esco, Michael R.; Zvan, Milan; University of Ljubljana; University of Split; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa
    Balance is hypothesized to be important in alpine skiing, while it is known that balance depends on anthropometric indices. The aim of this investigation was to explore the association between balance, anthropometrics and skiing-results over two competitive seasons among youth alpine-skiers. Eighty-one skiers (40 females) participated in this study. The participants were tested twice over two competitive seasons: when they were 12-13 years old (U14) and when they were 14-15 years old (U16). The variables consisted of anthropometrics (body height and body mass) and three balance indexes (medio-lateral-, anterio-posterior- and overall-stability-index). Additionally, skiing results in U14 and U16 were evaluated. The balance status did not change significantly over the observed period of time regardless of the significant changes in body mass and height. The relationships between balance and skiing results were higher in the U14 (Pearson's r = 0.45-0.54) than in the U16 (Pearson's r = 0.05-0.28). The relationships between anthropometrics and competitive results were generally stronger in girls (Pearson's r = 0.39-0.88) than in boys (Pearson's r = 0.26-0.58). After clustering athletes into three achievement groups on a basis of their competitive performance, discriminant canonical analysis showed that relationships between balance and skiing results decreased, while the relationships between anthropometrics and skiing results increased over the two observed seasons. This study highlighted the importance of balance in youth alpine skiing in the age range of 11-14 years.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Blood Flow Restriction at High Resistance Loads Increases the Rate of Muscular Fatigue, but Does Not Increase Plasma Markers of Myotrauma or Inflammation
    (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2020) Winchester, Lee J.; Morris, Cody E.; Badinger, Joseph; Wiczynski, Teresa L.; VanWye, William R.; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa; University of Alabama Birmingham; Western Kentucky University
    Winchester, LJ, Morris, CE, Badinger, J, Wiczynski, TL, and VanWye, WR. Blood flow restriction at high resistance loads increases the rate of muscular fatigue, but does not increase plasma markers of myotrauma or inflammation.J Strength Cond Res34(9): 2419-2426, 2020-High-load resistance training and blood flow restriction (BFR) training at low loads both promote protein synthesis and growth through different cell signaling mechanisms. Therefore, co-activation of these pathways could result in a synergistic effect for additional growth enhancement. The purpose of this study was to evaluate how BFR effects performance and physiological responses after an acute bout of high-load barbell squat training. Twelve resistance-trained, college-aged men and women performed 5 sets of barbell squats at 75% of 1 repetition maximum until failure under traditional (TRAD; control) or intermittent BFR conditions. Perceived limb pain and number of repetitions performed were recorded after each set. Blood samples were collected at baseline and 1-hour postexercise after each trial for analysis of myoglobin and interleukin-6 (IL-6). An alpha level ofp< 0.05 was used to determine significance. Blood flow restriction trial performance significantly declined at set 3 and was lower than performance during control, whereas control performance did not decrease until set 5. Perceived limb pain was statistically increased with BFR use for the whole trial and was significantly higher with BFR during set 3 than observed during TRAD. Plasma myoglobin and IL-6 were significantly increased after both trials when compared with baseline, but were not significantly different between trials. Intermittent BFR use during high-load barbell squats increases the rate of muscular fatigue and perceived limb pain, but does not increase muscular damage or inflammatory response. Data obtained from this study can be used by fitness professionals as a means of potentially enhancing the rate of muscular hypertrophy.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Cardiovascular Drift is Related to Reduced Maximal Oxygen Uptake During Heat Stress
    Wingo, Jonathan E.; Lafrenz, Andrew J.; Ganio, Matthew S.; Edwards, Gaylen L.; Cureton, Kirk J.; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa
    Introduction/Purpose: This study investigated whether the progressive rise in heart rate (HR) and fall in stroke volume (SV) during prolonged, constant-rate, moderate-intensity exercise (cardiovascular drift, CVdrift) in a hot environment is associated with a reduction in VO2max. Methods: CVdrift was measured in nine male cyclists between 15 and 45 min of cycling at 60% VO2max in 35degreesC that was immediately followed by measurement of VO2max. VO2max also was measured after 15 min of cycling on a separate day, so that any change in VO2max between 15 and 45 min could be associated with the CVdrift that occurred during that time interval. This protocol was performed under one condition in which fluid was ingested and there was no significant body weight change (0.3 +/- 0.4%), and under another in which no fluid was ingested and dehydration occurred (2.5 +/- 1%, P < 0.05). Results: Fluid ingestion did not affect CVdrift or change in VO2max. A 12% increase in HR (151 +/- 9 vs 169 +/- 10 bpm, P < 0.05) and 16% decrease in SV (120 +/- 12 vs 101 +/- 10 mL(.)beat(-1), P < 0.05) between 15 and 45 min was accompanied by a 19% decrease in VO2max (4.4 +/- 0.6 vs 3.6 +/- 0.4 L(.)min(-1), P < 0.05) despite attainment of a higher maximal HR (P < 0.05) at 45 min (194 +/- 5 bpm) vs 15 min (191 +/- 5 bpm). Submaximal VO2 increased only slightly over time, but %VO2max increased from 63 +/- 5% at 15 min to 78 +/- 8% at 45 min (P < 0.05). Conclusion: We conclude CVdrift during 45 min of exercise in the heat is associated with decreased VO2max and increased relative metabolic intensity. The results support the validity of using changes in HR to reflect changes in relative metabolic intensity during prolonged exercise in a hot environment in which CVdrift occurs.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Classification of moderate-intensity overground walking speed in 21-to 85-year-old adults
    (Taylor & Francis, 2022) Zheng, Peixuan; Ducharme, Scott W.; Moore, Christopher C.; Tudor-Locke, Catrine; Aguiar, Elroy J.; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa; California State University Long Beach; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of North Carolina Charlotte
    The Compendium of Physical Activities reports that walking at 2.5 mph associates with absolutely-defined moderate intensity (i.e., >= 3 metabolic equivalents [METs]). However, it is unclear whether this speed threshold is accurate during overground walking and/or across the adult age-span. This study aimed to identify optimal and heuristic speed thresholds associated with 3 METs during overground walking across age groups. Healthy adults (n = 248, 21-85 years old, 49% women) performed a 5-minute self-paced overground walking trial. Speed was measured using an electronic gait mat, and oxygen uptake was measured using indirect calorimetry and converted to METs. Optimal and heuristic thresholds and classification accuracy metrics were determined and compared using ROC curve analyses. Speed thresholds (95% CIs) associated with 3 METs for the whole sample, young (21-40 years), middle-aged (41-60 years) and older-aged (61-85 years) groups were 1.29 (1.25, 1.33), 1.30 (1,26, 1,35), and 1.25 (1.21, 1.29) m/s, respectively. Overall, 3 mph and 5 km/h performed better than 2.5 mph and 4.5 km/h in balancing both sensitivity and specificity (higher Youden's Indices). Overground walking speeds associated with 3 METs were similar across age groups. A heuristic threshold of 3 mph or 5 km/h may better identify absolutely-defined moderate intensity overground walking.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Collegiate Athletes' Concussion Awareness, Understanding, and -Reporting Behaviors in Different Countries With Varying Concussion Publicity
    (National Athletic Trainers' Association, 2021) Beidler, Erica; Wallace, Jessica; Alghwiri, Alia A.; O'Connor, Siobhan; Duquesne University; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa; University of Jordan; Dublin City University
    Context: Concussions are a global public health concern, and education on the importance of self-reporting may not reach all athletes to the same degree around the world. Objective: To determine if differences were present in the concussion awareness, understanding, and -reporting behaviors of collegiate athletes' in 3 countries with varied degrees of concussion publicity. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Collegiate sports medicine clinics. Patients or Other Participants: Collegiate athletes in the United States (n = 964; high publicity), Ireland (n = 302; moderate publicity), and Jordan (n = 129; low publicity). The degree of concussion publicity was categorized based on the extent of national public health awareness initiatives, care guidelines, research publications, and mass media coverage. Main Outcome Measure(s): Participants completed a 10-to 15-minute survey on concussion awareness, understanding, and -reporting behaviors. The main outcome measures were concussion education (awareness; 21 options; select all sources of concussion information), concussion knowledge (understanding; maximum score of 49), and diagnosed/nondisclosed concussion history (reporting behaviors; self-report yes/no items). Results: A higher proportion of Jordanian athletes reported never having received concussion information previously (73.6%) than Irish (24.2%) or US athletes (9.4%). Knowledge differed among countries (P < .0001, eta(2)= .28), with US athletes displaying higher total knowledge scores (40.9 +/- 4.5) than Jordanian (35.1 +/- 5.6) and Irish (32.1 +/- 3.5) athletes. Greater percentages of Irish and US athletes reported a history of a diagnosed concussion (31.8% and 29.6%, respectively) and history of concussion nondisclosure (25.2% and 15.5%, respectively) than Jordanian athletes (2.3% and 0.0% for history of a diagnosed concussion and history of concussion nondisclosure, respectively). Conclusions: In the United States, where concussion publicity is high, formal legislation exists, and sports medicine resources and concussion awareness and understanding were increased. More culturally appropriate concussion initiatives are needed globally to ensure that athletes around the world can identify concussive injuries and understand the dangers of continued sport participation while concussed.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Combined Facial Heating and Inhalation of Hot Air Do Not Alter Thermoeffector Responses in Humans
    Wingo, Jonathan E.; Low, David A.; Keller, David M.; Kimura, Kenichi; Crandall, Craig G.; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    A Comparison of Energy Expenditure Estimation of Several Physical Activity Monitors
    (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2013) Dannecker, Kathryn L.; Sazonova, Nadezhda A.; Melanson, Edward L.; Sazonov, Edward S.; Browning, Raymond C.; Colorado State University; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa; University of Colorado Denver
    Introduction: Accurately and precisely estimating free-living energy expenditure (EE) is important for monitoring energy balance and quantifying physical activity. Recently, single and multisensor devices have been developed that can classify physical activities, potentially resulting in improved estimates of EE. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the validity of EE estimation of a footwear-based physical activity monitor and to compare this validity against a variety of research and consumer physical activity monitors. Methods: Nineteen healthy young adults (10 men, 9 women) completed a 4-h stay in a room calorimeter. Participants wore a footwear-based physical activity monitor as well as Actical, ActiGraph, IDEEA, DirectLife, and Fitbit devices. Each individual performed a series of postures/activities. We developed models to estimate EE from the footwear-based device, and we used the manufacturer's software to estimate EE for all other devices. Results: Estimated EE using the shoe-based device was not significantly different than measured EE (mean T SE; 476 T 20 vs 478 +/- 18 kcal, respectively) and had a root-mean-square error of 29.6 kcal (6.2%). The IDEEA and the DirectLlife estimates of EE were not significantly different than the measured EE, but the ActiGraph and the Fitbit devices significantly underestimated EE. Root-mean-square errors were 93.5 (19%), 62.1 kcal (14%), 88.2 kcal (18%), 136.6 kcal (27%), 130.1 kcal (26%), and 143.2 kcal (28%) for Actical, DirectLife, IDEEA, ActiGraph, and Fitbit, respectively. Conclusions: The shoe-based physical activity monitor provides a valid estimate of EE, whereas the other physical activity monitors tested have a wide range of validity when estimating EE. Our results also demonstrate that estimating EE based on classification of physical activities can be more accurate and precise than estimating EE based on total physical activity.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Comparison of Upper Extremity Physical Characteristics Between Adolescent Competitive Swimmers and Nonoverhead Athletes
    (National Athletic Trainers' Association, 2016) Hibberd, Elizabeth E.; Laudner, Kevin; Berkoff, David J.; Kucera, Kristen L.; Yu, Bing; Myers, Joseph B.; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa; Illinois State University; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill
    Context: Alterations to upper extremity physical characteristics of competitive swimmers (posture, range of motion [ROM], and subacromial-space distance) are commonly attributed to cumulative training load during a swimmer's competitive career. However, this accepted clinical belief has not been established in the literature. It is important to understand whether alterations in posture and associated physical characteristics occur as a result of sport training or factors other than swimming participation to better understand injury risk and possible interventions. Objective: To compare posture, subacromial-space distance, and glenohumeral external-rotation, internal-rotation, and horizontal-adduction ROM between adolescent competitive swimmers and nonoverhead athletes. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Local swimming pools and high school athletic training rooms. Patients or Other Participants: Forty-four competitive adolescent swimmers and 31 nonoverhead athletes who were not currently experiencing any elbow, shoulder, neck, or back pain that limited their sport activity. Intervention(s): Posture, subacromial-space distance, and glenohumeral ROM were measured using photography, diagnostic ultrasound, and a digital inclinometer, respectively. Main Outcome Measure(s): Forward shoulder posture, forward head posture, normalized subacromial-space distance, internal-rotation ROM, and external-rotation ROM. Results: No clinically significant differences existed between swimmers and nonoverhead athletes for posture, normalized subacromial-space distance, or external-or internal-rotation ROM. Swimmers presented with less horizontal-adduction ROM than nonoverhead athletes. Conclusions: Factors other than swimming participation, such as school and technology use, play important roles in the adaptation of physical characteristics in adolescents. Adolescents, regardless of swimming participation, presented with postural deviations. It is important to consider factors other than swimming participation that contribute to alterations in physical characteristics to understand injury risk and injury-prevention strategies in competitive adolescent swimmers.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Consensus Recommendations on Training and Competing in the Heat
    Racinais, Sebastian; Alonso, Juan-Manuel; Coutts, Aaron J.; Flouris, Andreas D.; Girard, Olivier; González-Alonso, Jose; Hausswirth, Christophe; Jay, Ollie; Lee, Jason K. W.; Mitchell, Nigel; Nassis, George P.; Nybo, Lars; Pluim, Babette M.; Roelands, Bart; Sawka, Mike N.; Wingo, Jonathan E.; Périard, Julien D.; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa