Department of Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management

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25(OH)D Status of Elite Athletes with Spinal Cord Injury Relative to Lifestyle Factors
(MDPI, 2016) Pritchett, Kelly; Pritchett, Robert; Ogan, Dana; Bishop, Phil; Broad, Elizabeth; LaCroix, Melissa; Central Washington University; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa
Background: Due to the potential negative impact of low Vitamin D status on performance-related factors and the higher risk of low Vitamin D status in Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) population, research is warranted to determine whether elite athletes with SCI have sufficient 25(OH)D levels. The purposes of this study were to examine: (1) the seasonal proportion of vitamin D insufficiency among elite athletes with SCI; and (2) to determine whether lifestyle factors, SCI lesion level, and muscle performance/function are related to vitamin D status in athletes with SCI. Methods: Thirty-nine members of the Canadian Wheelchair Sports Association, and the US Olympic Committee Paralympic program from outdoor and indoor sports were recruited for this study. Dietary and lifestyle factors, and serum 25(OH)D concentrations were assessed during the autumn (October) and winter (February/March). An independent t-test was used to assess differences in 25(OH)D status among seasons, and indoor and outdoor sports in the autumn and winter, respectively. Results: Mean +/- SD serum 25(OH)D concentration was 69.6 +/- 19.7 nmol/L (range from 30 to 107.3 nmol/L) and 67.4 +/- 25.5 nmol/L (range from 20 to 117.3 nmol/L) in the autumn and winter, respectively. In the autumn, 15.4% of participants were considered vitamin D deficient (25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L) whereas 51.3% had 25(OH)D concentrations that would be considered insufficient (< 80 nmol/L). In the winter, 15.4% were deficient while 41% of all participants were considered vitamin D insufficient. Conclusion: A substantial proportion of elite athletes with SCI have insufficient (41%-51%) and deficient (15.4%) 25(OH)D status in the autumn and winter. Furthermore, a seasonal decline in vitamin D status was not observed in the current study.
Agreement Between A 2-Dimensional Digital Image-Based 3-Compartment Body Composition Model and Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry for The Estimation of Relative Adiposity
(Elsevier, 2022) Sullivan, Katherine; Metoyer, Casey J.; Hornikel, Bjoern; Holmes, Clifton J.; Nickerson, Brett S.; Esco, Michael R.; Fedewa, Michael, V; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa; Washington University (WUSTL); Texas A&M International University
The purpose of this study was to compare relative adiposity (%Fat) derived from a 2-dimensional image-based 3-component (3C) model (%Fat(3C-IMAGE)) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) (%Fat(DXA)) against a 5-component (5C) laboratory criterion (%Fat(5C)). 57 participants were included (63.2% male, 84.2% White/Caucasian, 22.5 +/- 4.7 yrs., 23.9 +/- 2.8 kg/m(2)). For each participant, body mass and standing height were measured to the nearest 0.1 kg and 0.1 cm, respectively. A digital image of each participant was taken using a 9.7 inch, 16g iPad Air 2 and analyzed using a commercially available application (version 1.1.2, made Health and Fitness, USA) for the estimation of body volume (BV) and inclusion in %Fat(3C-IMAGE). %Fat(3C-IMAGE) and %Fat(5C) included measures of total body water derived from bioimpedance spectroscopy. The criterion %Fat(5C) included BV estimates derived from underwater weighing and bone mineral content measures via DXA. %Fat(DXA) estimates were calculated from a whole-body DXA scan. A standardized mean effect size (ES) assessed the magnitude of differences between models with values of 0.2, 0.5, and 0.8 for small, moderate, and large differences, respectively. Data are presented as mean +/- standard deviation. A strong correlation (r = 0.94, p <.001) and small mean difference (ES = 0.24, p <.001) was observed between %Fat(3C-IMAGE) (19.20 +/- 5.80) and %Fat(5C) (17.69 +/- 6.20) whereas a strong correlation (r = 0.87, p <.001) and moderate-large mean difference (ES = 0.70, p <.001) was observed between %Fat DXA (22.01 +/- 6.81) and %Fat(5C). Furthermore, %Fat(3C-IMAGE )(SEE = 2.20 %Fat, TE= 2.6) exhibited smaller SEE and TE than %Fat(DXA) (SEE = 3.14 %Fat, TE = 5.5). The 3C image-based model performed slightly better in our sample of young adults than the DXA 3C model. Thus, the 2D image analysis program provides an accurate and non-invasive estimate of %Fat within a 3C model in young adults. Compared to DXA, the 3C image-based model allows for a more cost-effective and portable method of body composition assessment, potentially increasing accessibility to multi-component methods.
Aligned wet-electrospun starch fiber mats
(2019-05) Wang, Hui; Kong, Lingyan; Ziegler, Gregory R.; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa
Electrospinning is a versatile technique to fabricate non-woven fiber mats with an average fiber diameter ranging from nanometers to micrometers. Fibers produced by electrospinning have potential application in numerous fields owing to their light weight, high surface area, and high porosity. In certain applications, anisotropic properties are desired, which may also improve mechanical strength. This study comprehensively documented the feasibility of directed fiber deposition in wet-electrospinning and offers an inexpensive setup for laboratory investigation. Aligned starch fiber mats were produced and the effects of three operational parameters, i.e., rotational speed, drum location, and coagulation bath composition, were evaluated. The alignment of starch fibers was affected by the ethanol concentration in the coagulation bath and drum rotational speed. Coherent fibers could be obtained in all trials except for the one at the lowest ethanol concentration (60% v/v) and highest rotational speed (500 rpm) when the drum was below the liquid. The tensile strength was influenced by the interaction of location and ethanol concentration, and that of rotational speed and ethanol concentration. This study set a promising example of making aligned biopolymer fiber mats and investigating fiber deposition in wet-electrospinning. Aligned starch fiber mats have potential applications in areas such as tissue engineering and as wound dressings.
Alpha-tocotrienol enhances arborization of primary hippocampal neurons via upregulation of Bcl-xL
(Pergamon, 2022) Park, Han-A; Crowe-White, Kristi M.; Ciesla, Lukasz; Scott, Madison; Bannerman, Sydni; Davis, Abigail U.; Adhikari, Bishnu; Burnett, Garrett; Broman, Katheryn; Ferdous, Khondoker Adeba; Lackey, Kimberly H.; Licznerski, Pawel; Jonas, Elizabeth A.; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa; Yale University
Alpha-tocotrienol ( a-TCT) is a member of the vitamin E family. It has been reported to protect the brain against various pathologies including cerebral ischemia and neurodegeneration. However, it is still unclear if a-TCT exhibits beneficial effects during brain development. We hypothesized that treatment with a-TCT improves intracellular redox homeostasis supporting normal development of neurons. We found that primary hippocampal neurons isolated from rat feti grown in a-TCT-containing media achieved greater levels of neurite complexity compared to ethanol-treated control neurons. Neurons were treated with 1 mu M aTCT for 3 weeks, and media were replaced with fresh a-TCT every week. Treatment with a-TCT increased a-TCT levels (26 pmol/mg protein) in the cells, whereas the control neurons did not contain a-TCT. a-TCT-treated neurons produced adenosine triphosphate (ATP) at a higher rate and increased ATP retention at neurites, supporting formation of neurite branches. Although treatment with a-TCT alone did not change neuronal viability, neurons grown in a-TCT were more resistant to death at maturity. We further found that messenger RNA and protein levels of B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xL) are increased by a-TCT treatment without inducing posttranslational cleavage of Bcl-xL. Bcl-xL is known to enhance mitochondrial energy production, which improves neuronal function including neurite out-growth and neurotransmission. Therefore alpha-TCT-mediated Bcl-xL upregulation may be the central mechanism of neuroprotection seen in the alpha-TCT-treated group. In summary, treat-ment with alpha-TCT upregulates Bcl-xL and increases ATP levels at neurites. This correlates with increased neurite branching during development and with protection of mature neu-rons against oxidative stress. (C) 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Antioxidant properties and sensory evaluation of microgreens from commercial and local farms
(KeAi Publishing, 2020-03) Tan, Libo; Nuffer, Holly; Feng, Jiannan; Kwan, Shu Hang; Chen, Hsiangting; Tong, Xiao; Kong, Lingyan; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa
Microgreens are young and tender vegetables or herbs that provide attractive color, flavor, and nutrition. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutritional and sensory qualities of broccoli microgreens grown by different methods (hydroponically vs. soil grown) and from different sources (commercial vs. local farm). No significant difference in total phenolic concentration and antioxidant capacity was found in all broccoli microgreens, but a significantly higher chlorophyll concentration was found in farm microgreens than the commercial ones. Moreover, the soil-grown farm microgreens possessed a significantly higher vitamin C concentration than hydroponically-grown farm sample and commercial sample. Participants in the sensory study favored farm samples regardless of growing method, and their overall liking was significantly correlated with taste of the microgreens. In addition, six other microgreens from the local farm were analyzed for their nutritional quality. These conclusions suggested a potential for consumers to still benefit nutritionally by purchasing commercial microgreens at a lower cost; however, it may be worthwhile for consumers to purchase microgreens from local farms for a better sensory experience. (C) 2020 "Society information". Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.
Application of the neuromuscular fatigue threshold treadmill test to muscles of the quadriceps and hamstrings
(Shanghai University of Sport, 2020) Camic, Clayton L.; Kovacs, Attila J.; VanDusseldorp, Trisha A.; Hill, Ethan C.; Enquist, Evan A.; University System of Georgia; Kennesaw State University; University of Nebraska Lincoln; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa; Northern Illinois University
Purpose: The purposes of the present study were: (1) to determine whether the physical working capacity at the fatigue threshold (PWCFT) model that has been used for estimating the onset of neuromuscular fatigue in the vastus lateralis (VL) during incremental treadmill running could also be applied to the vastus medialis (VM), biceps femoris (BF), and semitendinosus (ST) muscles; and (2) if applicable, to compare the running velocities associated with the PWCFT among these muscles. Methods: Eleven subjects (age 21.7 +/- 1.8 years) performed an incremental treadmill test to exhaustion with electromyographic signals recorded from the VL, VM, BF, and ST. Results: The results indicated there were no significant (p > 0.05) mean differences in the running velocities associated with the PWCFT for the VL (14.4 +/- 2.0 km/h), VM (14.3 +/- 1.9 km/h), BF (13.8 +/- 1.8 km/h), and ST (14.7 +/- 2.3 km/h). In addition, there were significant inter-correlations (r = 0.68-0.88) among running velocities associated with the PWCFT of each muscle. Individual results also indicated that 9 of the 11 subjects exhibited identical PWCFT values for at least 3 of the 4 muscles, but there were no uniform patterns for any intra-individual differences. Conclusion: The findings of the present study suggested that the PWCFT test is a viable method to identify neuromuscular fatigue in the quadriceps and hamstrings during incremental treadmill exercise and results in consistent PWCFT values among these muscles.
An assessment of associations between functional ability, nutrition, and dentition in homebound older adults
(University of Alabama Libraries, 2010) DeSalvo, Denise M.; Lawrence, Jeannine C.; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa
The relationship between nutrition, oral health, and functional ability has not been well investigated. The purpose of this research was to examine the associations between functional ability, dentition status, and the intake of specific dietary components in a group of homebound older adults. This cross-sectional study was a secondary analysis of data from a longitudinal study investigating causes of under eating in homebound older adults. Descriptive statistics, correlation and linear regression analyses were conducted. Participants' baseline physical function summary score, a proxy measure for functional ability, was the dependent variable. Mean dietary intakes of energy, protein, calcium, phosphorus, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin K, and the mean oral health index summary score were the independent variables. Average age of the 230 participants was 79.1 ± 8.6 years. The study population was 79% female, 62% Caucasian, and 38% African American. Statistical analysis revealed that physical function was significantly (p < .05) correlated with participants' oral health score and vitamin K intake. The oral health score was a single number representing an assessment of multiple factors including chewing, swallowing, pain, dry mouth, denture use, and number of remaining natural teeth. A lower oral health summary score was indicative of better overall oral health. Therefore, the negative association between the physical function score and oral health score meant that as physical function improved oral health improved and vice versa. The oral health score and vitamin K intake were also the only variables to significantly predict physical function in the final linear regression. These results provide interesting insight into the impact of nutrition and dentition on homebound older adult functional ability and offer guidance for future research. This study highlights a need for additional research especially in the homebound segment of the older adult population to better understand the scope of their needs. There is also a need for consistency in defining, measuring, and researching older adult functional ability. Finally, future research must be carefully designed to provide useful results that address homebound older adult nutritional, dental, and functional needs, and their quality of life.
Association between Dietary Lutein/Zeaxanthin Intake and Metabolic Syndrome among US Females: An Analysis of National Health and Examination Surveys 2015-2018
(Oxford University Press, 2021) Zhang, Yanqi; Knol, Linda L.; Tan, Libo; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is greater among US females than males, mainly due to higher risks of dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia. Lutein and zeaxanthin (L/Z) are carotenoids that can alter the composition of lipoproteins, which may affect components of MetS. However, little is known about the association between L/Z intake and MetS, especially in females. The purpose of this study was to explore the relation between dietary L/Z or dietary plus supplemental L/Z intakes and MetS in women (n = 630), aged 20-50 y, participating in the NHANES 2015-2018. Compared with the lowest quartile, women in the highest quartile of dietary L/Z intake had significantly lower risk of MetS after adjusting for confounders (OR = 0.46; 95% CI: 0.21, 0.98). No significant relation was noted between dietary plus supplemental L/Z intake and MetS. Future cohort studies should investigate the effects of L/Z on MetS development in women.
Association between selenium intake and cognitive function among older adults in the US: National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2011-2014
(Cambridge University Press, 2023) Ferdous, Khondoker Adeba; Knol, Linda L.; Park, Han-A; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa
Cognitive decline occurs commonly as people age. Despite the complexity of cellular mechanisms, oxidative stress is a critical contributor to age-associated cognitive impairment. Selenium plays an important role in antioxidant defense systems. The purpose of the present study was to assess the correlation between selenium intake and cognitive function among older adults. The participants were individuals >= 65 years old (n=1681) who participated in the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a country-wide cross-sectional survey. Dietary selenium intake and adequacy were evaluated with 2 d of 24-h recalls and the estimated average requirement (EAR) cut-point method, respectively. Cognitive function was assessed with the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) score, which was significantly higher when selenium intake was adequate. After adjusting for energy intake, the association was no longer significant. Inadequate intake of selenium is rare in the US and dependent on caloric intake in older adults.
The association between serum vitamin d status, bone mineral density, and forced expiratory volume in 1 second in pediatric cystic fibrosis patients
(University of Alabama Libraries, 2016) Brantley, Caroline Michelle; Lawrence, Jeannine C.; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa
Cystic fibrosis (CF) currently affects around 30,000 individuals in the United States. Mucus obstructing the pancreas affects the production of digestive pancreatic enzymes causing pancreatic insufficiency, which leads to malabsorption, specifically of fat-soluble vitamins. New complications such as CF-related bone disease have also increased. Poor bone health is associated with malnutrition, inflammation, and vitamin D deficiency. CF patients generally have inadequate levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Insufficient vitamin D status is linked with decreased bone mass, increased inflammation, decreased immunity, and is also believed to contribute to respiratory failure. The purpose of this research is to examine the associations between serum vitamin D, bone mineral density (BMD) and lung function within the pediatric CF population. It is hypothesized that there will be a positive association between serum vitamin D and bone mineral density. It is further hypothesized there will be a positive association between serum vitamin D and lung function. A retrospective chart review was conducted to evaluate the association of serum vitamin D by assessing pre and post serum vitamin D concentrations, BMD, and pulmonary function in 30 CF pediatric patients ages 8-18. Data was subjected to descriptive statistics, correlational analyses, and multiple linear regression to examine potential relationships between serum vitamin D levels with forced expiratory volume (FEV1) at baseline and with both BMD and FEV1 after 2 years of maximum dose supplementation. Independent t tests were ran to compare differences in groups regarding supplementation doses. No significant associations were found in serum vitamin D and BMD except in the baseline model. Furthermore, no significant associations were found between serum vitamin D and FEV1 values of lung function. Significant associations were seen in BMD and lean body mass at baseline and 2 years. Results also showed no significant differences between groups receiving either 2000 IU or 3000 IU vitamin D supplementation. While there were no consistent associations with serum vitamin D and BMD, baseline associations show a link between low serum levels and BMD. Future research should focus on interventions for preventative care of maintaining adequate vitamin D serum levels and diets rich in calcium for optimal bone health.
Association of the Dietary Inflammatory Index with Depressive Symptoms among Pre- and Post-Menopausal Women: Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2010
(MDPI, 2022) Azarmanesh, Deniz; Bertone-Johnson, Elizabeth R.; Pearlman, Jessica; Liu, Zhenhua; Carbone, Elena T.; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa; University of Massachusetts Amherst
During their lifetime, 20% of US women experience depression. Studies have indicated that a high Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) score is associated with high C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and depression. No previous study has compared the association of the DII with different measures of depression (e.g., somatic, cognitive) among pre- and post-menopausal women. We used data from 2512 pre-menopausal and 2392 post-menopausal women from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2010 database. We ran linear and logistic regression models to compare the association of the DII with survey-measured depression among pre- and post-menopausal women. We further assessed the mediation effect of CRP on the association of the DII and depression, using structural equation modeling. The odds of experiencing depression among pre-menopausal women was higher for all DII quartiles compared to the reference group (i.e., DII Q1), with an odds ratio (OR) of 3.2, 5.0, and 6.3 for Q2, Q3, and Q4, respectively (p < 0.05). Among post-menopausal women, only Q4 had 110% higher odds of experiencing depression compared to Q1 (p = 0.027). No mediation effect of CRP was found between DII and any of our depression outcome measures. Our findings suggest that lifestyle habits, such as diet, may have a stronger influence on mental health among pre-menopausal women than post-menopausal women.
Associations between self-reported symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 and dietary supplement use over the previous year during the first pandemic wave
(Cambridge University Press, 2023) Ellis, Amy; Bui, Chuong; Ferguson, Christine; Azarmanesh, Deniz; Park, Han-A; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa; University of Alabama Birmingham
During the initial wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, symptoms of infection varied widely among adults younger than 60 years. This cross-sectional investigation of adults ages 18-59 years explored associations between SARS-CoV-2 symptomatology and supplementation of micronutrients involved in immune function, such as multivitamins, vitamin D, vitamin C, vitamin E and zinc. Between August and December 2020, an online survey was completed by 287 respondents, averaging 33 center dot 3 +/- 10 center dot 5 years, who recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection within the previous 4 months. In regression models, intake of supplements over the previous year was not protective against number of symptoms or symptom severity. Despite higher rates of supplementation over the previous year, smokers experienced more symptoms and greater symptom severity than non-smokers. Micronutrient supplementation did not protect young adults from experiencing symptoms of SARS-CoV-2, but our results suggest that smoking cessation may be a more effective modifiable lifestyle factor.
Body mass index and variability in meal duration and association with rate of eating
(Frontiers, 2022) Simon, Stacey L.; Pan, Zhaoxing; Marden, Tyson; Zhou, Wenru; Ghosh, Tonmoy; Hossain, Delwar; Thomas, J. Graham; McCrory, Megan A.; Sazonov, Edward; Higgins, Janine; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa; Brown University; Boston University
BackgroundA fast rate of eating is associated with a higher risk for obesity but existing studies are limited by reliance on self-report and the consistency of eating rate has not been examined across all meals in a day. The goal of the current analysis was to examine associations between meal duration, rate of eating, and body mass index (BMI) and to assess the variance of meal duration and eating rate across different meals during the day. MethodsUsing an observational cross-sectional study design, non-smoking participants aged 18-45 years (N = 29) consumed all meals (breakfast, lunch, and dinner) on a single day in a pseudo free-living environment. Participants were allowed to choose any food and beverages from a University food court and consume their desired amount with no time restrictions. Weighed food records and a log of meal start and end times, to calculate duration, were obtained by a trained research assistant. Spearman's correlations and multiple linear regressions examined associations between BMI and meal duration and rate of eating. ResultsParticipants were 65% male and 48% white. A shorter meal duration was associated with a higher BMI at breakfast but not lunch or dinner, after adjusting for age and sex (p = 0.03). Faster rate of eating was associated with higher BMI across all meals (p = 0.04) and higher energy intake for all meals (p < 0.001). Intra-individual rates of eating were not significantly different across breakfast, lunch, and dinner (p = 0.96). ConclusionShorter beakfast and a faster rate of eating across all meals were associated with higher BMI in a pseudo free-living environment. An individual's rate of eating is constant over all meals in a day. These data support weight reduction interventions focusing on the rate of eating at all meals throughout the day and provide evidence for specifically directing attention to breakfast eating behaviors.
Cadence (steps/min) and relative intensity in 21 to 60-year-olds: the CADENCE-adults study
(BMC, 2021) McAvoy, Cayla R.; Moore, Christopher C.; Aguiar, Elroy J.; Ducharme, Scott W.; Schuna, John M., Jr.; Barreira, Tiago V.; Chase, Colleen J.; Gould, Zachary R.; Amalbert-Birriel, Marcos A.; Chipkin, Stuart R.; Staudenmayer, John; Tudor-Locke, Catrine; Mora-Gonzalez, Jose; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Charlotte; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa; California State University Long Beach; Oregon State University; Syracuse University; University of Massachusetts Amherst
Background: Heuristic cadence (steps/min) thresholds of >= 100 and >= 130 steps/min correspond with absolutely-defined moderate (3 metabolic equivalents [METs]; 1 MET = 3.5 mL O-2 center dot kg(- 1)center dot min(- 1)) and vigorous (6 METs) intensity, respectively. Scarce evidence informs cadence thresholds for relatively-defined moderate (>= 64% heart rate maximum [HRmax = 220-age], >= 40%HR reserve [HRR = HRmax -HRresting, and >= 12 Rating of Perceived Exertion [RPE]); or vigorous intensity (>= 77%HRmax, >= 60%HRR, and >= 14 RPE). Purpose: To identify heuristic cadence thresholds corresponding with relatively-defined moderate and vigorous intensity in 21-60-year-olds. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 157 adults (40.4 +/- 11.5 years; 50.6% men) completed up to twelve 5-min treadmill bouts, beginning at 0.5 mph and increasing by 0.5 mph. Steps were directly observed, HR was measured with chest-worn monitors, and RPE was queried in the final minute of each bout. Segmented mixed model regression and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analyses identified optimal cadence thresholds, stratified by age (21-30, 31-40, 41-50, and 51-60 years). Reconciliation of the two analytical models, including trade-offs between sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and overall accuracy, yielded final heuristic cadences. Results: Across all moderate intensity indicators, the segmented regression models estimated optimal cadence thresholds ranging from 123.8-127.5 (ages 21-30), 121.3-126.0 (ages 31-40), 117.7-122.7 (ages 41-50), and 113.3-116.1 steps/min (ages 51-60). Corresponding values for vigorous intensity were 140.3-144.1, 140.2-142.6, 139.3-143.6, and 131.6-132.8 steps/min, respectively. ROC analysis estimated chronologically-arranged age groups' cadence thresholds ranging from 114.5-118, 113.5-114.5, 104.6-112.9, and 103.6-106.0 across all moderate intensity indicators, and 127.5, 121.5, 117.2-123.2, and 113.0 steps/min, respectively, for vigorous intensity. Conclusions: Heuristic cadence thresholds corresponding to relatively-defined moderate intensity for the chronologically-arranged age groups were >= 120, 120, 115, and 105 steps/min, regardless of the intensity indicator (i.e., % HRmax, %HRR, or RPE). Corresponding heuristic values for vigorous intensity indicators were >= 135, 130, 125, and 120 steps/min. These cadences are useful for predicting/programming intensity aligned with age-associated differences in physiological response to, and perceived experiences of, moderate and/or vigorous intensity.
Cadence (steps/min) and relative intensity in 21 to 60-year-olds: the CADENCE-adults study (vol 18, 27, 2021)
(BMC, 2022) McAvoy, Cayla R.; Moore, Christopher C.; Aguiar, Elroy J.; Ducharme, Scott W.; Schuna, John M., Jr.; Barreira, Tiago V.; Chase, Colleen J.; Gould, Zachary R.; Amalbert-Birriel, Marcos A.; Chipkin, Stuart R.; Staudenmayer, John; Tudor-Locke, Catrine; Mora-Gonzalez, Jose; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Charlotte; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa; California State University Long Beach; Oregon State University; Syracuse University; University of Massachusetts Amherst
Cardiorespiratory fitness in older adult women: relationships with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D
(Humana Press, 2014) Ellis, Amy C.; Alvarez, Jessica A.; Gower, Barbara A.; Hunter, Gary R.; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa; Emory University; University of Alabama Birmingham
Previous studies suggest that circulating 25(OH)D may favorably influence cardiorespiratory fitness and fat oxidation. However, these relationships have not been examined in older adult women of different ethnic groups. The objectives of this study were to determine whether serum 25(OH)D is related to cardiovascular fitness (VO(2)max) in sedentary women ages a parts per thousand yen60 years and to determine whether these associations differ between African Americans (AA) and European Americans (EA). A secondary aim was to determine whether serum 25(OH)D is correlated with respiratory quotient (RQ) during submaximal exercise. This cross-sectional analysis included 67 AA and EA women ages 60-74 years. VO(2)max was measured by a modified Bruce graded treadmill protocol, and measurements were adjusted for percent fat and lean body mass assessed by air displacement plethysmography. Indirect calorimetry was used to measure RQ at rest and during four submaximal exercise tests. Fasting blood samples were obtained to quantify serum 25(OH)D. Serum 25(OH)D was associated with VO(2)max (ml/kg LBM/min) independent of percent body fat (r = 0.316, p = 0.010). However, subgroup analysis revealed that this relationship was specific to AA (r = 0.727, p = 0.005 for AA; r = 0.064, p = 0.643 for EA). In all subjects combined, 25(OH)D was inversely correlated (p < 0.01) with all measures of submaximal RQ. Higher serum 25(OH)D was associated with greater cardiorespiratory fitness in older adult AA women. Among both AA and EA, inverse associations between serum 25(OH)D and RQ suggest that women with higher levels of circulating vitamin D also demonstrated greater fat oxidation during submaximal exercise.
A catalog of validity indices for step counting wearable technologies during treadmill walking: the CADENCE-adults study
(BMC, 2022) Mora-Gonzalez, Jose; Gould, Zachary R.; Moore, Christopher C.; Aguiar, Elroy J.; Ducharme, Scott W.; Schuna, John M., Jr.; Barreira, Tiago, V; Staudenmayer, John; McAvoy, Cayla R.; Boikova, Mariya; Miller, Taavy A.; Tudor-Locke, Catrine; University of Granada; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Charlotte; University of Massachusetts Amherst; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa; California State University Long Beach; Oregon State University; Syracuse University
Background Standardized validation indices (i.e., accuracy, bias, and precision) provide a comprehensive comparison of step counting wearable technologies. Purpose To expand a previously published child/youth catalog of validity indices to include adults (21-40, 41-60 and 61-85 years of age) assessed across a range of treadmill speeds (slow [0.8-3.2 km/h], normal [4.0-6.4 km/h], fast [7.2-8.0 km/h]) and device wear locations (ankle, thigh, waist, and wrist). Methods Two hundred fifty-eight adults (52.5 +/- 18.7 years, 49.6% female) participated in this laboratory-based study and performed a series of 5-min treadmill bouts while wearing multiple devices; 21 devices in total were evaluated over the course of this multi-year cross-sectional study (2015-2019). The criterion measure was directly observed steps. Computed validity indices included accuracy (mean absolute percentage error, MAPE), bias (mean percentage error, MPE), and precision (correlation coefficient, r; standard deviation, SD; coefficient of variation, CoV). Results Over the range of normal speeds, 15 devices (Actical, waist-worn ActiGraph GT9X, activPAL, Apple Watch Series 1, Fitbit Ionic, Fitbit One, Fitbit Zip, Garmin vivoactive 3, Garmin vivofit 3, waist-worn GENEActiv, NL-1000, PiezoRx, Samsung Gear Fit2, Samsung Gear Fit2 Pro, and StepWatch) performed at < 5% MAPE. The wrist-worn ActiGraph GT9X displayed the worst accuracy across normal speeds (MAPE = 52%). On average, accuracy was compromised across slow walking speeds for all wearable technologies (MAPE = 40%) while all performed best across normal speeds (MAPE = 7%). When analyzing the data by wear locations, the ankle and thigh demonstrated the best accuracy (both MAPE = 1%), followed by the waist (3%) and the wrist (15%) across normal speeds. There were significant effects of speed, wear location, and age group on accuracy and bias (both p < 0.001) and precision (p <= 0.045). Conclusions Standardized validation indices cataloged by speed, wear location, and age group across the adult lifespan facilitate selecting, evaluating, or comparing performance of step counting wearable technologies. Speed, wear location, and age displayed a significant effect on accuracy, bias, and precision. Overall, reduced performance was associated with very slow walking speeds (0.8 to 3.2 km/h). Ankle- and thigh-located devices logged the highest accuracy, while those located at the wrist reported the worst accuracy.
A catalog of validity indices for step counting wearable technologies during treadmill walking: the CADENCE-Kids study
(BMC, 2021) Gould, Zachary R.; Mora-Gonzalez, Jose; Aguiar, Elroy J.; Schuna, John M., Jr.; Barreira, Tiago, V; Moore, Christopher C.; Staudenmayer, John; Tudor-Locke, Catrine; University of Massachusetts Amherst; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Charlotte; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa; Oregon State University; Syracuse University; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill
Background: Wearable technologies play an important role in measuring physical activity (PA) and promoting health. Standardized validation indices (i.e., accuracy, bias, and precision) compare performance of step counting wearable technologies in young people. Purpose: To produce a catalog of validity indices for step counting wearable technologies assessed during different treadmill speeds (slow [0.8-3.2 km/h], normal [4.0-6.4 km/h], fast [7.2-8.0 km/h]), wear locations (waist, wrist/arm, thigh, and ankle), and age groups (children, 6-12 years; adolescents, 13-17 years; young adults, 18-20 years). Methods: One hundred seventeen individuals (13.1 +/- 4.2 years, 50.4% female) participated in this cross-sectional study and completed 5-min treadmill bouts (0.8 km/h to 8.0 km/h) while wearing eight devices (Waist Actical, ActiGraph GT3X+, NL-1000, SW-200; Wrist ActiGraph GT3X+; Arm: SenseWear; Thigh: activPAL; Ankle: StepWatch). Directly observed steps served as the criterion measure. Accuracy (mean absolute percentage error, MAPE), bias (mean percentage error, MPE), and precision (correlation coefficient, r; standard deviation, SD; coefficient of variation, CoV) were computed. Results: Five of the eight tested wearable technologies (i.e., Actical, waist-worn ActiGraph GT3X+, activPAL, StepWatch, and SW-200) performed at < 5% MAPE over the range of normal speeds. More generally, waist (MAPE = 4%), thigh (4%) and ankle (5%) locations displayed higher accuracy than the wrist location (23%) at normal speeds. On average, all wearable technologies displayed the lowest accuracy across slow speeds (MAPE = 50.1 +/- 35.5%), and the highest accuracy across normal speeds (MAPE = 15.9 +/- 21.7%). Speed and wear location had a significant effect on accuracy and bias (P < 0.001), but not on precision (P> 0.05). Age did not have any effect (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Standardized validation indices focused on accuracy, bias, and precision were cataloged by speed, wear location, and age group to serve as important reference points when selecting and/or evaluating device performance in young people moving forward. Reduced performance can be expected at very slow walking speeds (0.8 to 3.2 km/h) for all devices. Ankle-worn and thigh-worn devices demonstrated the highest accuracy. Speed and wear location had a significant effect on accuracy and bias, but not precision.
CEO letters: Hospitality corporate narratives during the COVID-19 pandemic
(Elsevier, 2021) Im, Jinyoung; Kim, Haemi; Miao, Li; Pennsylvania State University; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa; Oklahoma State University - Stillwater
For hospitality organizations, the need for compelling corporate narratives is particularly acute in dealing with the COVID-19 crisis due to the scope and severity of its threat to employees, customers, the general public, and the fundamental survival of the company itself. Thus, this study aims to identify corporate narrative strategies and examine how hospitality companies deploy such narrative strategies with impression management tactics during the COVID-19 pandemic. Anchored in the Aristotelian concept of persuasive rhetoric and impression management theory, this study content-analyzed 57 CEO letters published by hospitality companies during the COVID-19 outbreak and found the prevalent rhetoric appeals and patterns of rhetoric appeals with impression management tactics embedded in the letters.
Changes in adiponectin:leptin ratio among older adults with obesity following a 12-month exercise and diet intervention
(Springer Nature, 2022) Senkus, Katelyn E.; Crowe-White, Kristi M.; Bolland, Anneliese C.; Locher, Julie L.; Ard, Jamy D.; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa; University of Alabama Birmingham; Wake Forest University; Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center
Background Excess adiposity is characterized by alterations in adipokine secretion such that circulating leptin concentrations are increased with reductions in adiponectin. An emerging biomarker for the assessment of this adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction is the adiponectin:leptin (AL) ratio. A low AL ratio may be suggestive of dysfunctional AT and, consequently, a heightened cardiometabolic disease risk. This ancillary study investigated the relationship between the AL ratio and cardiometabolic health among community-dwelling older adults with obesity, as well as the effects of a 12-month exercise and diet intervention on changes in the AL ratio. Methods Participants (n = 163, 70.2 +/- 4.7 years, 38.0% male) were randomized to the exercise only group, exercise + nutrient-dense weight maintenance group (exercise + weight maintenance), or exercise + nutrient-dense caloric restriction of 500 kcal/d group (exercise + intentional weight loss) (clinicaltrials.gov #NCT00955903). Total and regional adiposity as determined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), anthropometrics, and cardiometabolic biomarkers were assessed at baseline and 12 months. Results The AL ratio was significantly (p < 0.05) inversely correlated with body mass index, waist circumference, measures of adiposity, and insulin among all participants at baseline. Among females only, significant positive and inverse correlations were also observed between this ratio and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and the inflammatory biomarkers high sensitivity C-reactive protein and interleukin-6, respectively. While controlling for biological sex, a significant time by intervention group interaction effect (p < 0.05) was observed such that the AL ratio significantly increased from baseline to study completion among participants in the exercise + weight maintenance group and exercise + intentional weight loss group. Post hoc analysis revealed that the exercise + intentional weight loss group exhibited a significantly greater AL ratio at study completion compared to other groups (p < 0.05 all). Conclusions Results are in support of the AL ratio as a measure of AT dysfunction among older adults. Furthermore, results suggest that a 12-month exercise and diet intervention with intentional weight loss assists in improving the AL ratio in this population.

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