Department of Kinesiology
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Browsing Department of Kinesiology by Subject "ADAPTATIONS"
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Item Blood Flow Restriction at High Resistance Loads Increases the Rate of Muscular Fatigue, but Does Not Increase Plasma Markers of Myotrauma or Inflammation(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2020) Winchester, Lee J.; Morris, Cody E.; Badinger, Joseph; Wiczynski, Teresa L.; VanWye, William R.; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa; University of Alabama Birmingham; Western Kentucky UniversityWinchester, LJ, Morris, CE, Badinger, J, Wiczynski, TL, and VanWye, WR. Blood flow restriction at high resistance loads increases the rate of muscular fatigue, but does not increase plasma markers of myotrauma or inflammation.J Strength Cond Res34(9): 2419-2426, 2020-High-load resistance training and blood flow restriction (BFR) training at low loads both promote protein synthesis and growth through different cell signaling mechanisms. Therefore, co-activation of these pathways could result in a synergistic effect for additional growth enhancement. The purpose of this study was to evaluate how BFR effects performance and physiological responses after an acute bout of high-load barbell squat training. Twelve resistance-trained, college-aged men and women performed 5 sets of barbell squats at 75% of 1 repetition maximum until failure under traditional (TRAD; control) or intermittent BFR conditions. Perceived limb pain and number of repetitions performed were recorded after each set. Blood samples were collected at baseline and 1-hour postexercise after each trial for analysis of myoglobin and interleukin-6 (IL-6). An alpha level ofp< 0.05 was used to determine significance. Blood flow restriction trial performance significantly declined at set 3 and was lower than performance during control, whereas control performance did not decrease until set 5. Perceived limb pain was statistically increased with BFR use for the whole trial and was significantly higher with BFR during set 3 than observed during TRAD. Plasma myoglobin and IL-6 were significantly increased after both trials when compared with baseline, but were not significantly different between trials. Intermittent BFR use during high-load barbell squats increases the rate of muscular fatigue and perceived limb pain, but does not increase muscular damage or inflammatory response. Data obtained from this study can be used by fitness professionals as a means of potentially enhancing the rate of muscular hypertrophy.Item Roundtable on Preseason Heat Safety in Secondary School Athletics: Heat Acclimatization(National Athletic Trainers' Association, 2021) Adams, William M.; Hosokawa, Yuri; Casa, Douglas J.; Periard, Julien D.; Racinais, Sebastien; Wingo, Jonathan E.; Yeargin, Susan W.; Scarneo-Miller, Samantha E.; Kerr, Zachary Y.; Belval, Luke N.; Alosa, Denise; Csillan, David; LaBella, Cynthia; Walker, Lisa; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Greensboro; Waseda University; University of Connecticut; University of Canberra; Aspetar Orthopaedic & Sports Medicine Hospital; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa; University of South Carolina Columbia; West Virginia University; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas; University of Vermont; Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago; Northwestern University; Feinberg School of MedicineObjective: To provide best-practice recommendations for developing and implementing heat-acclimatization strategies in secondary school athletics. Data Sources: An extensive literature review on topics related to heat acclimatization and heat acclimation was conducted by a group of content experts. Using the Delphi method, action-oriented recommendations were developed. Conclusions: A period of heat acclimatization consisting of >= 14 consecutive days should be implemented at the start of fall preseason training or practices for all secondary school athletes to mitigate the risk of exertional heat illness. The heat-acclimatization guidelines should outline specific actions for secondary school athletics personnel to use, including the duration of training, the number of training sessions permitted per day, and adequate rest periods in a cool environment. Further, these guidelines should include sport-specific and athlete-specific recommendations, such as phasing in protective equipment and reintroducing heat acclimatization after periods of inactivity. Heat-acclimatization guidelines should be clearly detailed in the secondary school's policy and procedures manual and disseminated to all stakeholders. Heat-acclimatization guidelines, when used in conjunction with current best practices surrounding the prevention, management, and care of secondary school student-athletes with exertional heat stroke, will optimize their health and safety.