Department of Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management

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Browsing Department of Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management by Subject "ADULTS"

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    25(OH)D Status of Elite Athletes with Spinal Cord Injury Relative to Lifestyle Factors
    (MDPI, 2016) Pritchett, Kelly; Pritchett, Robert; Ogan, Dana; Bishop, Phil; Broad, Elizabeth; LaCroix, Melissa; Central Washington University; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa
    Background: Due to the potential negative impact of low Vitamin D status on performance-related factors and the higher risk of low Vitamin D status in Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) population, research is warranted to determine whether elite athletes with SCI have sufficient 25(OH)D levels. The purposes of this study were to examine: (1) the seasonal proportion of vitamin D insufficiency among elite athletes with SCI; and (2) to determine whether lifestyle factors, SCI lesion level, and muscle performance/function are related to vitamin D status in athletes with SCI. Methods: Thirty-nine members of the Canadian Wheelchair Sports Association, and the US Olympic Committee Paralympic program from outdoor and indoor sports were recruited for this study. Dietary and lifestyle factors, and serum 25(OH)D concentrations were assessed during the autumn (October) and winter (February/March). An independent t-test was used to assess differences in 25(OH)D status among seasons, and indoor and outdoor sports in the autumn and winter, respectively. Results: Mean +/- SD serum 25(OH)D concentration was 69.6 +/- 19.7 nmol/L (range from 30 to 107.3 nmol/L) and 67.4 +/- 25.5 nmol/L (range from 20 to 117.3 nmol/L) in the autumn and winter, respectively. In the autumn, 15.4% of participants were considered vitamin D deficient (25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L) whereas 51.3% had 25(OH)D concentrations that would be considered insufficient (< 80 nmol/L). In the winter, 15.4% were deficient while 41% of all participants were considered vitamin D insufficient. Conclusion: A substantial proportion of elite athletes with SCI have insufficient (41%-51%) and deficient (15.4%) 25(OH)D status in the autumn and winter. Furthermore, a seasonal decline in vitamin D status was not observed in the current study.
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    Association between Dietary Lutein/Zeaxanthin Intake and Metabolic Syndrome among US Females: An Analysis of National Health and Examination Surveys 2015-2018
    (Oxford University Press, 2021) Zhang, Yanqi; Knol, Linda L.; Tan, Libo; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa
    The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is greater among US females than males, mainly due to higher risks of dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia. Lutein and zeaxanthin (L/Z) are carotenoids that can alter the composition of lipoproteins, which may affect components of MetS. However, little is known about the association between L/Z intake and MetS, especially in females. The purpose of this study was to explore the relation between dietary L/Z or dietary plus supplemental L/Z intakes and MetS in women (n = 630), aged 20-50 y, participating in the NHANES 2015-2018. Compared with the lowest quartile, women in the highest quartile of dietary L/Z intake had significantly lower risk of MetS after adjusting for confounders (OR = 0.46; 95% CI: 0.21, 0.98). No significant relation was noted between dietary plus supplemental L/Z intake and MetS. Future cohort studies should investigate the effects of L/Z on MetS development in women.
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    Associations between self-reported symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 and dietary supplement use over the previous year during the first pandemic wave
    (Cambridge University Press, 2023) Ellis, Amy; Bui, Chuong; Ferguson, Christine; Azarmanesh, Deniz; Park, Han-A; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa; University of Alabama Birmingham
    During the initial wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, symptoms of infection varied widely among adults younger than 60 years. This cross-sectional investigation of adults ages 18-59 years explored associations between SARS-CoV-2 symptomatology and supplementation of micronutrients involved in immune function, such as multivitamins, vitamin D, vitamin C, vitamin E and zinc. Between August and December 2020, an online survey was completed by 287 respondents, averaging 33 center dot 3 +/- 10 center dot 5 years, who recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection within the previous 4 months. In regression models, intake of supplements over the previous year was not protective against number of symptoms or symptom severity. Despite higher rates of supplementation over the previous year, smokers experienced more symptoms and greater symptom severity than non-smokers. Micronutrient supplementation did not protect young adults from experiencing symptoms of SARS-CoV-2, but our results suggest that smoking cessation may be a more effective modifiable lifestyle factor.
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    A catalog of validity indices for step counting wearable technologies during treadmill walking: the CADENCE-Kids study
    (BMC, 2021) Gould, Zachary R.; Mora-Gonzalez, Jose; Aguiar, Elroy J.; Schuna, John M., Jr.; Barreira, Tiago, V; Moore, Christopher C.; Staudenmayer, John; Tudor-Locke, Catrine; University of Massachusetts Amherst; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Charlotte; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa; Oregon State University; Syracuse University; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill
    Background: Wearable technologies play an important role in measuring physical activity (PA) and promoting health. Standardized validation indices (i.e., accuracy, bias, and precision) compare performance of step counting wearable technologies in young people. Purpose: To produce a catalog of validity indices for step counting wearable technologies assessed during different treadmill speeds (slow [0.8-3.2 km/h], normal [4.0-6.4 km/h], fast [7.2-8.0 km/h]), wear locations (waist, wrist/arm, thigh, and ankle), and age groups (children, 6-12 years; adolescents, 13-17 years; young adults, 18-20 years). Methods: One hundred seventeen individuals (13.1 +/- 4.2 years, 50.4% female) participated in this cross-sectional study and completed 5-min treadmill bouts (0.8 km/h to 8.0 km/h) while wearing eight devices (Waist Actical, ActiGraph GT3X+, NL-1000, SW-200; Wrist ActiGraph GT3X+; Arm: SenseWear; Thigh: activPAL; Ankle: StepWatch). Directly observed steps served as the criterion measure. Accuracy (mean absolute percentage error, MAPE), bias (mean percentage error, MPE), and precision (correlation coefficient, r; standard deviation, SD; coefficient of variation, CoV) were computed. Results: Five of the eight tested wearable technologies (i.e., Actical, waist-worn ActiGraph GT3X+, activPAL, StepWatch, and SW-200) performed at < 5% MAPE over the range of normal speeds. More generally, waist (MAPE = 4%), thigh (4%) and ankle (5%) locations displayed higher accuracy than the wrist location (23%) at normal speeds. On average, all wearable technologies displayed the lowest accuracy across slow speeds (MAPE = 50.1 +/- 35.5%), and the highest accuracy across normal speeds (MAPE = 15.9 +/- 21.7%). Speed and wear location had a significant effect on accuracy and bias (P < 0.001), but not on precision (P> 0.05). Age did not have any effect (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Standardized validation indices focused on accuracy, bias, and precision were cataloged by speed, wear location, and age group to serve as important reference points when selecting and/or evaluating device performance in young people moving forward. Reduced performance can be expected at very slow walking speeds (0.8 to 3.2 km/h) for all devices. Ankle-worn and thigh-worn devices demonstrated the highest accuracy. Speed and wear location had a significant effect on accuracy and bias, but not precision.
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    Classification Differences in Food Insecurity Measures between the United States and Canada: Practical Implications for Trend Monitoring and Health Research
    (Elsevier, 2022) Men, Fei; Tarasuk, Valerie; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa; University of Toronto
    Background Food insecurity, inadequate access to food due to financial constraints, is a major public health issue in the United States and Canada, where the same 18-item questionnaire is used to monitor food insecurity. Researchers often assume that findings on food insecurity from the 2 countries are comparable with each other, but there are between-country differences in how food insecurity status is determined. Objectives We aimed to compare the distribution of household food insecurity in the Canadian population applying the US and Canadian classification schemes. We also examined the extent to which associations between food insecurity and adults' health differ under the 2 schemes. Methods We used the population-representative Canadian Community Health Survey 2005-2017 linked to administrative health records. Food insecurity was measured by the Household Food Security Survey Module. Adults 18 y and older with valid food insecurity status were included from all jurisdictions except Quebec (n = 403,200). We cross-tabulated food insecurity status classified by the US and Canadian schemes. We also fitted logistic regressions on self-reported and objective health measures adjusting for confounders. Results Applying the Canadian classification scheme, 7.7% of households were food insecure; the number fell to 6.0% with the US scheme. Associations between food insecurity status and health measures were mostly similar across classification schemes, although the associations between food insecurity and self-reported health were slightly larger if the US scheme was applied. Marginal food security/insecurity was associated with worse health measures irrespective of the classification scheme. United States-Canada discordance in classification of marginal food security/insecurity had a limited effect on health prediction. Conclusions United States-Canada differences in classification affected the apparent distribution of household food insecurity but not the associations between food insecurity and measures of adult health. Marginal food security/insecurity should be set apart from the food-secure group for trend monitoring and health research.
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    Comparison of segmental body composition estimated by bioelectrical impedance analysis and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
    (Elsevier, 2018) Wingo, Brooks C.; Barry, Valene Garr; Ellis, Amy C.; Gower, Barbara A.; University of Alabama Birmingham; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa
    Background & aims: Segmental body composition may be an important indicator of health and nutritional status in conditions where variations in fat and lean mass are frequently isolated to a particular body segment (e.g. paralysis, sarcopenia). Until recently, segment-specific body composition could only be assessed using invasive and expensive methods such as dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or computed tomography (CT). Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) may be a rapid, inexpensive alternative for assessing segmental composition, but it has not been fully validated for this purpose. The purpose of this study was to compare segmental estimates of lean and fat mass using BIA versus a criterion standard of DXA. Methods: A cross-sectional pilot study was conducted in n = 30 healthy adults. Outcome measures included total mass, fat mass and lean mass of arm, leg and trunk. Pearson correlation coefficients (r) and paired-samples t-tests (t) were used to assess relationships between each outcome as measured by BIA and DXA. Results: Although the methods were strongly correlated for all measures, (r > .87 for all segments) BIA routinely overestimated lean mass for arm and trunk (mean difference arm: 0.97 kg, p = .008; trunk: 5.58 kg, p < .0001); and underestimated fat mass for arm and leg (mean difference arm: 0.42 kg, p < .0001; leg: 1.94 kg p < .0001). BIA overestimated total body lean mass in 93% of participants and underestimated total body fat mass in 90% of participants. Conclusions: Significant discrepancies were noted between DXA and BIA in all body segments. Further research is needed to refine BIA methods for segmental composition estimates in heterogeneous samples and disease-specific populations before this methods can be used reliably in a clinical setting. (C) 2018 European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Evaluation of a Type 2 diabetes risk reduction online program for women with recent gestational diabetes: a randomised trial
    (BMC, 2022) Taylor, Rachael; Rollo, Megan E.; Baldwin, Jennifer N.; Hutchesson, Melinda; Aguiar, Elroy J.; Wynne, Katie; Young, Ashley; Callister, Robin; Collins, Clare E.; University of Newcastle; Hunter Medical Research Institute; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa
    Background: To evaluate the preliminary efficacy, feasibility and acceptability of the 3-month Body Balance Beyond (BBB) online program among Australian women with overweight/obesity and recent gestational diabetes mellitus. Methods: Women were randomised into either: 1) High Personalisation (HP) (access to'BBB'website, video coaching sessions, text message support); 2) Medium Personalisation (MP) (website and text message support); or 3) Low Personalisation (LP) (website only). Generalised linear mixed models were used to evaluate preliminary efficacy, weight, diet quality, physical activity levels, self-efficacy and quality of life (QoL) at baseline and 3-months. Feasibility was assessed by recruitment and retention metrics and acceptability determined via online process evaluation survey at 3-months. Results: Eighty three women were randomised, with 76 completing the study. Self-efficacy scores showed significant improvements in confidence to resist eating in a variety of situations from baseline to 3-months in HP compared to MP and LP groups (P=.03). The difference in mean QoL scores favoured the HP compared to MP and LP groups (P=.03). Half of the women (HP n=17[81%], MP n=12[75%], LP n=9[56%]) lost weight at 3-months. No significant group-by-time effect were reported for other outcomes. Two-thirds of women in the HP group were satisfied with the program overall and 86% would recommend it to others, compared with 25% and 44% in the MP group, and 14% and 36% in the LP group, respectively. Conclusions: Video coaching sessions were associated with improvements in QoL scores and self-efficacy, however further refinement of the BBB website and text messages support could improve program acceptability.