Browsing by Author "Zhao, Yue"

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    Applications of capillary action in drug delivery
    (Cell Press, 2021) Li, Xiaosi; Zhao, Yue; Zhao, Chao; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa; Northwestern Polytechnical University
    Contrary to the fact that capillary action is ubiquitous in our daily lives, its role in drug delivery has not attracted attention. Therefore, its application in medicine and disease treatment has not been actively developed. This perspective begins by reviewing the principles, advantages, and limitations of the three existing drug delivery strategies: non-covalent interaction, cavity loading, and covalent conjugation. Then, we discussed the principle of capillary action in drug delivery and the influencing factors that determine its performance. To illustrate the advantages of capillary action over existing drug delivery strategies and how the capillary action could potentially address the shortcomings of the existing drug delivery strategies, we described five examples of using capillary action to design drug delivery platforms for disease treatment: marker pen for topical and transdermal drug delivery, microneedle patch with a sponge container for pulsatile drug delivery, core- shell scaffold for sustained release of growth factors, oral bolus for insulin delivery to the esophagus, and semi-hollow floating ball for intravesical and gastroprotective drug delivery. Each of the five drug delivery platforms exhibits certain unique functions that existing drug delivery technologies cannot easily achieve, hence expected to solve specific practical medical problems that are not satisfactorily resolved. As people pay more attention to capillary action and develop more drug delivery platforms, more unique functions and characteristics of capillary action in drug delivery will be explored. Thus, capillary action could become an important choice for drug delivery systems to improve therapeutic drug efficacy, treat diseases, and improve human health.
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    Rayleigh wave constraints on the structure and tectonic history of the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains, East Antarctica
    (American Geophysical Union, 2013-05-10) Heeszel, David S.; Wiens, Douglas A.; Nyblade, Andrew A.; Hansen, Samantha E.; Kanao, Masaki; An, Meijan; Zhao, Yue; Washington University (WUSTL); University of California System; University of California San Diego; Scripps Institution of Oceanography; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa; Research Organization of Information & Systems (ROIS); National Institute of Polar Research (NIPR) - Japan; Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences
    The Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains (GSM), located near the center of East Antarctica, remain one of the most enigmatic mountain ranges on Earth. A lack of direct geologic samples renders their tectonic history almost totally unconstrained. We utilize teleseismic Rayleigh wave data from a 2 year deployment of broadband seismic stations across the region to image shear velocity structure and analyze the lithospheric age of the GSM and surrounding regions. We solve for 2-D phase velocities and invert these results for 3-D shear velocity structure. We perform a Monte Carlo simulation to improve constraints of crustal thickness and shear velocity structure. Beneath the core of the GSM, we find crustal thickness in excess of 55km. Mantle shear velocities remain faster than global average models to a depth of approximately 250km, indicating a thick lithospheric root. Thinner crust and slower upper mantle velocities are observed beneath the Lambert Rift System and the Polar Subglacial Basin. When compared with phase velocity curves corresponding to specific tectonothermal ages elsewhere in the world, average phase velocity results for the GSM are consistent with regions of Archean-Paleoproterozoic origin. Combined with radiometric ages of detrital zircons found offshore, these results indicate a region of old crust that has undergone repeated periods of uplift and erosion, most recently during the Mesozoic breakup of Gondwana. Lower crustal seismic velocities imply a moderately dense lower crust beneath the core of the GSM, but with lower density than suggested by recent gravity models.