Browsing by Author "Taylor, Daniel J."

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    Hopelessness Mediates the Relation between Insomnia and Suicidal Ideation
    (American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 2014) Woosley, Julie A.; Lichstein, Kenneth L.; Taylor, Daniel J.; Riedel, Brant W.; Bush, Andrew J.; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa; University of North Texas Denton; University of Memphis; University of Tennessee Health Science Center
    Introduction: A growing body of literature indicates that insomnia is related to suicidality. However, the mechanism through which insomnia correlates with suicide risk is unclear. The goal of the present research was to determine whether hopelessness, a robust predictor of suicidality, mediates the relation between insomnia and suicidal ideation (SI). Methods: The present study used archival data from community-dwelling adults. Participants (n = 766) completed a Health Survey, two weeks of daily sleep diaries, and five measures of daytime functioning, including the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). BDI item 2 was used to assess hopelessness, and BDI item 9 was used to assess SI. Criteria from the DSM-5 as well as quantitative criteria were used to identify participants with insomnia (n = 135). Results: The analyses revealed that hopelessness is a significant mediator of the relation between insomnia and SI. After adding depression as an additional mediator, hopelessness remained a significant predictor of SI. Conclusion: The present research suggests the need for clinicians to routinely screen clients who have insomnia for hopelessness and SI, and to treat hopelessness when it is present. Further research should address the limitations in this sample and should also consider other potential mediators of the insomnia-SI link.
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    Intraindividual sleep variability and its association with insomnia identity and poor sleep
    (Elsevier, 2018) Molzof, Hylton E.; Emert, Sarah E.; Tutek, Joshua; Mulla, Mazheruddin M.; Lichstein, Kenneth L.; Taylor, Daniel J.; Riedel, Brant W.; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa; University of North Texas Denton
    Objective: Insomnia identity refers to the conviction that one has insomnia, which can occur independently of poor sleep. Night-to-night variability in sleep (termed intraindividual variability [IIV]) may contribute to insomnia identity yet remain undetected via conventional mean analyses. This study compared sleep IIV across four subgroups: noncomplaining good sleepers (NG), complaining poor sleepers (CP), complaining good sleepers (CG), and noncomplaining poor sleepers (NP). Methods: This study analyzed 14 days of sleep diary data from 723 adults. Participants were classified according to presence/absence of a sleep complaint and presence/absence of poor sleep. A 2 x 2 multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was performed to explore differences on five measures of sleep IIV: intraindividual standard deviation in total sleep time (iSD TST), sleep onset latency (iSD SOL), wake after sleep onset (iSD WASO), number of nightly awakenings (iSD NWAK), and sleep efficiency (iSD SE). Results: MANCOVA revealed significant main effects of poor sleep, sleep complaint, and their interaction on sleep IIV. Poor sleepers exhibited greater IIV across all sleep parameters compared to good sleepers. Similarly, individuals with a sleep complaint exhibited greater IIV compared to individuals with no complaint. The interaction revealed that iSD SOL was significantly greater among CP than NP, and iSD NWAK was significantly greater among CG than NG. Conclusions: Greater night-to-night variability in specific sleep parameters was present among complaining versus noncomplaining sleepers in good and poor sleep subgroups. These findings suggest certain aspects of sleep consistency may be salient for treatment-seeking individuals based on their quantitative sleep status. (c) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Intraindividual variability in sleep and comorbid medical and mental health conditions
    (Oxford University Press, 2019) Slavish, Danica C.; Taylor, Daniel J.; Lichstein, Kenneth L.; University of North Texas Denton; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa
    Study Objectives: Intraindividual variability (IIV) in sleep may be a risk factor for disease above the influence of mean sleep. Associations between IIV in sleep and risk for a comprehensive set of common medical and mental health conditions have not been assessed in a representative sample. Methods: This study examined mean and IIV in total sleep time (TST), sleep quality (SQ), sleep efficiency (SE), and circadian midpoint (CM) in 771 adults recruited for an epidemiological study. Participants completed 14 days of sleep diaries to assess TST, SQ, SE, and CM, after which they reported on medical conditions and mental health symptoms. Data were analyzed using logistic regression, and models controlled for gender, body mass index, age, and race. Results: Lower mean TST, SQ, and SE were related to increased odds of having gastrointestinal problems, depression, and anxiety. IIV in TST was related to increased odds of having neurological, breathing, and gastrointestinal problems, as well as pain and depression; all results held controlling for mean sleep and adjusting for false discovery rate. IIV in SQ and SE was not associated with odds of having any medical or mental health conditions after adjusting for false discovery rate, nor was IIV in CM or mean CM. Conclusions: Confirming previous research, mean TST, SQ, and SE are related to risk for gastrointestinal problems, depression, and anxiety. IIV in TST may be a unique facet of disturbed sleep that is associated with increased risk for a diverse cluster of medical and mental health conditions.
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    Variability in Self-Reported Normal Sleep Across the Adult Age Span
    (Oxford University Press, 2014-05) Dillon, Haley R.; Lichstein, Kenneth L.; Dautovich, Natalie D.; Taylor, Daniel J.; Riedel, Brant W.; Bush, Andrew J.; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa; University of North Texas System; University of North Texas Denton; University of Tennessee System; University of Tennessee Health Science Center
    Objectives. Illustrate the importance of examining within- and between-person differences in sleep across the adult age span. Method. Two weeks of sleep diary data were analyzed for 592 normal sleepers ranging in age from 20 to 96 years. Variability in total sleep time (TST), number of nighttime awakenings (NWAK), sleep-onset latency (SOL), and wake-time after sleep onset (WASO) were examined overall and by age, sex, and race utilizing multilevel models and multiple regression. Results. Night-to-night differences in sleep within the same individual generally exceeded differences between individuals for TST, SOL, and WASO. The amount of intraindividual variability in TST and NWAK decreased with older age. Further, the degree of reduction in variability in TST associated with age depended on sex and race, with young black females showing the greatest variability. In general, females tended to have more intraindividual variability in SOL and NWAK than males, while race differences were complicated by high variability between blacks. Discussion. To truly assess and understand individual differences in the sleep of older adults, future research needs to take into account night-to-night variability (including what makes sleep vary from one night to the next), in addition to average sleep.
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    Vitamins and sleep: An exploratory study
    (Elsevier, 2007-12) Lichstein, Kenneth L.; Payne, Kristen L.; Soeffing, James P.; Durrence, H. Heith; Taylor, Daniel J.; Riedel, Brant W.; Bush, Andrew J.; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa
    Study objective: We analyzed archival data from an epidemiology study to test the association between vitamin use and sleep. Design: Random digit dialing was used to recruit 772 people ranging in age from 20 to 98 for a study of people's sleep experience. These individuals completed a set of questionnaires about their sleep, health, and daytime functioning. Five hundred and nineteen of these participants had available vitamin use data. Setting: Home. Participants: Five hundred and nineteen people participated. Recruitment applied minimal screening criteria and no attempt was made to favor people with or without sleep disturbance. Interventions: This survey included no intervention. Participants completed 2 weeks of sleep diaries and a set of questionnaires. Of particular salience to the present study, participants reported their vitamin use in listing all medications and nutritional supplements being used currently. Measurements and results: For those individuals taking a multivitamin or multiple single vitamins, sleep diaries revealed poorer sleep compared to non-vitamin users in the number and duration of awakenings during the night. After controlling for age, ethnicity, and sex the difference in number of awakenings was still marginally significant. The rate of insomnia, conservatively defined, and consumption of sleep medication were also marginally significantly higher among individuals taking multi-/multiple vitamins compared to those not taking vitamins. Conclusions: Disturbed sleep maintenance was associated with multi-/multiple vitamin use. Five equally plausible explanations were advanced to explain this association including vitamins cause poor sleep, poor sleepers seek vitamins, and unidentified factors promote both poor sleep and vitamin use. These data are considered preliminary. Methodological characteristics of future studies were described that hold the promise of more clearly illuminating the association between vitamins and sleep. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.