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Browsing by Author "Dick, Danielle"

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    HIV Information and Behavioral Skills Moderate the Effects of Relationship Type and Substance Use on HIV Risk Behaviors Among African American Youth
    (Mary Ann Liebert, 2013) Mustanski, Brian; Byck, Gayle R.; Newcomb, Michael E.; Henry, David; Bolland, John; Dick, Danielle; Northwestern University; Feinberg School of Medicine; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa; Virginia Commonwealth University
    The HIV/AIDS epidemic is disproportionately impacting young African Americans. Efforts to understand and address risk factors for unprotected sex in this population are critical in improving prevention efforts. Situational risk factors, such as relationship type and substance use before sex, are in need of further study. This study explored how established cognitive predictors of risky sexual behavior moderated the association between situational factors and unprotected sex among low-income, African American adolescents. The largest main effect on the number of unprotected sex acts was classifying the relationship as serious (event rate ratio = 10.18); other significant main effects were alcohol use before sex, participant age, behavioral skills, and level of motivation. HIV information moderated the effect of partner age difference, motivation moderated the effects of partner age difference and drug use before sex, and behavioral skills moderated the effects of alcohol and drug use before sex. This novel, partnership-level approach provides insight into the complex interactions of situational and cognitive factors in sexual risk taking.
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    Prevalence of mental health disorders among low-income African American adolescents
    (Springer, 2013) Byck, Gayle R.; Bolland, John; Dick, Danielle; Ashbeck, Alan W.; Mustanski, Brian S.; Northwestern University; Feinberg School of Medicine; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa; Virginia Commonwealth University
    Data on the prevalence of mental health disorders for low-income, urban African American adolescents are scarce. This study presents data about the burden of mental disorders for this understudied population. Mental disorders were assessed using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (C-DISC), Youth Self-Report (YSR), and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) among a sample of adolescents and their caregivers from very impoverished neighborhoods in a Southern city. Based on the C-DISC, 3.8, 5.1 and 7.7 % of adolescents met diagnostic criteria for major depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and conduct disorder, respectively. There were significant differences among some of the mental health disorders based on adolescent and caregiver characteristics such as sex, school status, caregiver work status, and income level. We found a low prevalence of alcohol, marijuana, and substance abuse and dependence disorders. Information about the prevalence of mental health disorders in specific communities and populations can assist in addressing unmet needs, planning for services and treatment, and reducing health disparities.
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    Protective Factors Buffer Life Stress and Behavioral Health Outcomes among High-Risk Youth
    (Springer, 2019) Sharma, Shubam; Mustanski, Brian; Dick, Danielle; Bolland, John; Kertes, Darlene A.; University of Florida; Northwestern University; Feinberg School of Medicine; Virginia Commonwealth University; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa
    This study investigated internalizing problems, externalizing problems, and polydrug use among African-American youth residing in high-poverty neighborhoods, and tested the potential protective effects of religiosity, parental monitoring, and neighborhood collective efficacy on life stress and behavioral health outcomes (N=576; 307 females; Mage=16years, SD=1.44years). A cumulative risk index reflected the combined effects of past year exposure to stressful life events, racial discrimination, and exposure to violence along with poor neighborhood ecology. Structural equation modeling revealed that cumulative risk significantly predicted internalizing problems, externalizing problems, and polydrug use. Interaction tests showed that the association of cumulative risk with internalizing problems was buffered by adolescent religiosity and neighborhood collective efficacy. The association of cumulative risk with externalizing problems was buffered by parental monitoring and collective efficacy. Adolescent sex further moderated these effects. The findings of the present study collectively highlight potential for protective factors to buffer effects of cumulative risk on behavioral health outcomes among youth residing in high-risk neighborhoods.