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Browsing by Author "Cox, Brian S."

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    Global Versus Momentary Osteoarthritis Pain and Emotional Distress: Emotional Intelligence as Moderator
    (Oxford University Press, 2018) Parmelee, Patricia A.; Scicolone, Monica A.; Cox, Brian S.; DeCaro, Jason A.; Keefe, Francis J.; Smith, Dylan M.; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa; Duke University; State University of New York (SUNY) Stony Brook
    Background Pain and emotional well-being are complexly associated both globally and in the moment. Emotional regulation strategies may contribute to that complexity by shaping the pain-well-being association. Purpose Using emotional intelligence (EI) as an integrative conceptual framework, this study probed the role of emotional regulation in the associations of osteoarthritis pain with emotional well-being in varying time frames. Perceived attention to, clarity, and regulation of emotions were examined as predictors of well-being, and as moderators of the well-being-pain association, at global and momentary (within-day) levels. Methods In a microlongitudinal study, 218 older adults with physician-diagnosed knee osteoarthritis self-reported global pain, depressive symptoms, and EI (mood attention, clarity, and repair). Momentary pain and positive and negative affect were then assessed four times daily for 7 days. EI subscales were examined as moderators of the pain-well-being association at global and momentary levels, controlling demographics and general health. Results Global and momentary pain were positively associated with mood clarity and negatively with attention, but not with repair. Clarity and repair negatively predicted depression, and buffered effects of pain on depression. Momentary negative affect was negatively predicted by mood clarity and repair; again, clarity and mood repair buffered effects of momentary pain on negative affect. Only mood repair predicted positive affect, with no interactions emerging. Conclusions Attention to mood states exacerbates the experience of pain in both short and long terms. In contrast, both mood clarity and ability to repair moods appear important to both momentary and longer-term emotional well-being.
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    Momentary Associations of Osteoarthritis Pain and Affect: Depression as Moderator
    (Oxford University Press, 2022) Parmelee, Patricia A.; Behrens, Emily A.; Costlow Hill, Kyrsten; Cox, Brian S.; DeCaro, Jason A.; Keefe, Francis J.; Smith, Dylan M.; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa; Duke University; State University of New York (SUNY) Stony Brook
    Objectives This research examined main and moderating effects of global depressive symptoms upon in-the-moment associations of pain and affect among individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Effects of depression on short-term change in pain and affect were also examined. Method Older adults with physician-confirmed OA (N = 325) completed a baseline interview tapping global depressive symptoms, followed by an experience sampling protocol that captured momentary pain and affect 4 times daily for 7 days. Multilevel models controlling demographics and health conditions examined main and moderating effects of depression on momentary associations of pain with positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA). Similar methods addressed short-term change in pain and affect. Auxiliary analyses explored broad associations of depressive symptoms with person-level averages and variability in pain and affect. Results Global depression predicted current pain, PA, and NA, as well as change in pain and affect over a 3- to 8-h period. Furthermore, both in the moment and over short periods, the association of pain and NA was stronger among persons higher in depressive symptoms. No moderating effect for the PA-pain association was found. Depressive symptoms were also associated with variability in pain and affect, particularly NA. Discussion Results confirm previous work on the relation of chronic pain with both global depressive symptoms and short-term affect. This research further demonstrates a unique moderating role of depression on the association of momentary pain with NA and suggests that the causal path may be stronger from pain to affect than vice versa.