Browsing by Author "Cody, Shameka L."
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Item Cognitive Consequences of Aging With HIV Implications for Neuroplasticity and Rehabilitation(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2014) Vance, David E.; McDougall, Graham J.; Wilson, Natalie; Debiasi, Marcus Otavio; Cody, Shameka L.; University of Alabama Birmingham; University of Alabama TuscaloosaCombination active antiretroviral therapy prevents HIV from replicating and ravaging the immune system, thus allowing people to age with this disease. Unfortunately, the synergistic effects of HIV and aging can predispose many to become more at risk of developing cognitive deficits, which can interfere with medical management, everyday functioning, and quality of life. The purpose of this article is to describe the role of cognitive reserve and neuroplasticity on cognitive functioning in those aging with this disease. Specifically, the role of environment and the health of these individuals can compromise cognitive functioning. Fortunately, some cognitive interventions such as prevention and management of comorbidities, cognitive remediation therapy, and neurotropic medications may be of value in preventing and rehabilitating the cognitive consequences of aging with HIV. Novel approaches such as cognitive prescriptions, transcranial direct stimulation, and binaural beat therapy may also be considered as possible techniques for cognitive rehabilitation.Item Effects of speed of processing training and transcranial direct current stimulation on global sleep quality and speed of processing in older adults with and without HIV: A pilot study(Routledge, 2020) Cody, Shameka L.; Fazeli, Pariya L.; Crowe, Michael; Kempf, Mirjam-Colette; Moneyham, Linda; Stavrinos, Despina; Vance, David E.; Heaton, Karen; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa; University of Alabama BirminghamSome older adults with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) experience poor sleep which can worsen cognition. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and cognitive training have improved sleep and cognition in studies of older adults; yet, their combined influence is unknown in adults with HIV. Older adults with HIV (n = 33) and without HIV (n = 33) were randomized to receive 10 one-hour sessions of speed of processing (SOP) training with tDCS or sham tDCS over approximately 5 weeks. tDCS with SOP training did not improve sleep. Omitting correction of multiple comparisons for this exploratory pilot study, main effects for HIV (F[1, 59] = 5.26, p = .03, eta(2)(p) = .082) and tDCS (F[1, 59] = 5.16, p = .03, eta(2)(p) = .080) on the Digit Copy Test were detected. A HIV x tDCS interaction was detected on the Letter Comparison Test (F[1, 59] = 5.50, p = .02, eta(2)(p) = .085). Useful Field of View scores improved across all four groups (F[1, 59] = 64.76, p < .001, eta(2)(p) = .523). No significant effects for HIV (F[1, 59] = 1.82, p = .18) and tDCS (F[1, 59] = .01, p = .94) were detected on the Useful Field of View test. While the current study did not show effects of combined tDCS and SOP training on sleep quality, future studies are needed to examine the effects of such interventions on sleep-related cognitive functions among cognitively impaired adults with HIV.Item An exploratory study of a hands-on naloxone training for rural clinicians and staff(Wiley, 2023) Cody, Shameka L.; Hines, Cheryl B.; Glenn, Christina J.; Sharp-Marbury, Rochelle; Newman, Sharlene; University of Alabama TuscaloosaIntroductionSince the COVID-19 pandemic, an increase in fentanyl-combined drugs has led to a surge in opioid overdose deaths in the United States. Higher opioid overdose mortality rates are problematic in rural communities, and there are few prevention, treatment, and recovery resources for individuals experiencing opioid use disorder. MethodThis exploratory project aimed to investigate a hands-on naloxone training for rural clinicians and staff. Rural clinicians and staff at two behavioral health centers were recruited to participate in a 30-min lecture and 30-min hands-on intranasal naloxone training using a low-fidelity mannequin. A pre-post opioid knowledge questionnaire, rubric based on the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration toolkit, and investigator-generated survey were used to evaluate opioid knowledge and response, demonstration of intranasal naloxone administration, and participants' perceptions of the training. Enrollment characteristics were summarized using descriptive statistics and paired t-tests were used to assess mean differences. ResultsOf the nine participants in the project, seven (87.5%) were female and six (75.0%) were Black. Four participants assumed a therapist role, attained a MS or MA degree, and had 5 or more years of experience working in healthcare. The total mean rubric score for all participants was 96.0 (SD = 8.8). No significant pre-post mean differences among opioid knowledge, overdose risk, and overdose response categories were found, all p > 0.05. However, post-intervention mean scores were slightly higher in all categories except overdose risk. Most participants (77.8%) responded that they felt comfortable handling an opioid situation and teaching the training to community members. Open-ended responses indicated that participants liked the demonstrations, examples used, hands-on nature of the training, and the presentation materials. ConclusionA hands-on naloxone training is beneficial for training rural clinicians and staff to respond to opioid overdose. This training may be a promising solution to reduce response time between recognition of opioid symptoms and administration of the life-saving medication, naloxone. Future studies should examine the efficacy of this training in larger samples with the inclusion of rural interdisciplinary teams, trusted community leaders, and family and friends of those impacted by opioid use disorder. Clinical relevanceThis innovative hands-on naloxone training is designed for rural clinicians and residents who are most likely to witness individuals experiencing opioid toxicity. The primary goal is to reduce response time between recognition of signs and symptoms and administration of the life-saving medication, Naloxone.Item Insomnia severity and depressive symptoms in people living with HIV and chronic pain: associations with opioid use(Routledge, 2022) Cody, Shameka L.; Hobson, Joanna M.; Gilstrap, Shannon R.; Gloston, Gabrielle F.; Riggs, Kevin R.; Justin Thomas, S.; Goodin, Burel R.; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa; University of Alabama BirminghamChronic pain commonly occurs in people living with HIV (PLWH). Many PLWH in the United States obtain opioids for chronic pain management. Whether insomnia severity and depressive symptoms are exacerbated by chronic pain and opioid use in PLWH remains to be determined. This study examined insomnia severity and depressive symptoms in 85 PLWH with chronic pain and 35 PLWH without chronic pain. Among PLWH with chronic pain, reported opioid use was examined in relation to insomnia severity and depressive symptoms. PLWH with chronic pain reported significantly greater insomnia severity (p = .033) and depressive symptoms (p = .025) than PLWH without chronic pain. Among PLWH with chronic pain who reported opioid use (n = 36), insomnia severity was greater compared to those who denied opioid use (n = 49), even after controlling for pain severity and number of comorbidities (p = .026). Greater pain severity was significantly associated with greater insomnia severity (p < .001) and depressive symptoms (p = .048) among PLWH with chronic pain who reported opioid use. These associations were not significant among those PLWH with chronic pain who denied opioid use. Findings suggest that PLWH with chronic pain are likely to experience poor sleep and depressed mood. Furthermore, poor sleep was associated with opioid use among PLWH with chronic pain.Item Intersectional HIV and Chronic Pain Stigma: Implications for Mood, Sleep, and Pain Severity(Sage, 2022) Hobson, Joanna M.; Gilstrap, Shannon R.; Owens, Michael A.; Gloston, Gabrielle F.; Ho, Michael D.; Gathright, Jenna M.; Dotson, Hannah F.; White, Dyan M.; Cody, Shameka L.; Thomas, S. Justin; Goodin, Burel R.; University of Alabama Birmingham; Johns Hopkins University; University of Alabama TuscaloosaItem Orientation After Graduation: Does this Affect Recently Graduated Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists?Pena, Mary Millen; Cody, Shameka L.; Thomas, Kaitlin; University of Alabama TuscaloosaIntroduction: Newly Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA) graduates are not typically offered a formal orientation through their place of employment once they finish their training and join the workforce. The transition from student to licensed practitioner can be challenging, even in the advanced practice nurse population. Newly graduated CRNAs can be influenced by the stresses related to transitioning from the student role. This transition experience may negatively impact the new graduate’s perception of job satisfaction, work performance and stress.Purpose: This scholarly project was designed to examine stress levels, job satisfaction and self-confidence among new graduate CRNAs who completed an employment offered orientation program. It was hypothesized that newly graduated CRNAs who underwent an employment offered orientation will experience lower levels of stress, greater job satisfaction and greater self-confidence compared to those who did not. Method: A quantitative study was conducted to compare two groups of newly graduated CRNAs. Electronic surveys were distributed to the alumni of 13 universities with CRNA graduates for the years 2019, 2020 and 2021. The anonymous results were measured using a Likert scale and the results of those who completed an orientation were compared with those who did not. The outcome variables were measured using an unpaired t-test for significance.Results: There were a total of 19 participants, 5 received employment orientation and 14 did not receive employment orientation. Microsoft Excel was used to organize the data into three columns where the total score for the Likert questions were computed for the levels of self-confidence, job satisfaction and perceived stress with higher scores indicating more self-confidence, job satisfaction and perceived stress Using an unpaired t -test calculator the total scores and the average scores for each participant in each category were scored: Orientation N=5 and no orientation N =14. For Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) the two tailed P value equals 0.35 indicating no significance in the participant’s perception of stress regardless of participation in an orientation in employment. For self-confidence, the two-tailed P value equaled 0.20 indicating no significance in the participant’s perception of self-confidence regardless of participation in an employment orientation. 2 The job satisfaction two tailed P value equaled 0.83 indicating no significance in the participant’s perception of job satisfaction regardless of participation in an employment orientation. There were numerous common themes discovered in the open-ended questions. Participants concerns over childcare, dissatisfaction with salary and schedule and autonomy were cited as reasons for dissatisfaction with the participants current employment. Discussion: This study investigated the differences of an employment orientation on the stress level, job satisfaction and self-confidence of the newly graduated CRNA. Further studies are needed which should include larger participation from multiple states with an extended survey period so as to obtain more comprehensive results for the long-term trajectory of the transition experience of the newly graduated CRNA. Longitudinal studies of larger samples of CRNAs are needed to capture the transition experiences of the new graduate student. Future studies with mixed method designs may be beneficial to examine the feelings of the new graduate CRNA during this transitional period. This study recommends institutions examine their onboarding regimen for newly hired new graduate CRNAs to determine if an orientation would be beneficial for their specific workplace.