UA cloudflare authentication

Browsing by Author "Bolland, John"

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    HIV Information and Behavioral Skills Moderate the Effects of Relationship Type and Substance Use on HIV Risk Behaviors Among African American Youth
    (Mary Ann Liebert, 2013) Mustanski, Brian; Byck, Gayle R.; Newcomb, Michael E.; Henry, David; Bolland, John; Dick, Danielle; Northwestern University; Feinberg School of Medicine; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa; Virginia Commonwealth University
    The HIV/AIDS epidemic is disproportionately impacting young African Americans. Efforts to understand and address risk factors for unprotected sex in this population are critical in improving prevention efforts. Situational risk factors, such as relationship type and substance use before sex, are in need of further study. This study explored how established cognitive predictors of risky sexual behavior moderated the association between situational factors and unprotected sex among low-income, African American adolescents. The largest main effect on the number of unprotected sex acts was classifying the relationship as serious (event rate ratio = 10.18); other significant main effects were alcohol use before sex, participant age, behavioral skills, and level of motivation. HIV information moderated the effect of partner age difference, motivation moderated the effects of partner age difference and drug use before sex, and behavioral skills moderated the effects of alcohol and drug use before sex. This novel, partnership-level approach provides insight into the complex interactions of situational and cognitive factors in sexual risk taking.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Prevalence of mental health disorders among low-income African American adolescents
    (Springer, 2013) Byck, Gayle R.; Bolland, John; Dick, Danielle; Ashbeck, Alan W.; Mustanski, Brian S.; Northwestern University; Feinberg School of Medicine; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa; Virginia Commonwealth University
    Data on the prevalence of mental health disorders for low-income, urban African American adolescents are scarce. This study presents data about the burden of mental disorders for this understudied population. Mental disorders were assessed using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (C-DISC), Youth Self-Report (YSR), and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) among a sample of adolescents and their caregivers from very impoverished neighborhoods in a Southern city. Based on the C-DISC, 3.8, 5.1 and 7.7 % of adolescents met diagnostic criteria for major depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and conduct disorder, respectively. There were significant differences among some of the mental health disorders based on adolescent and caregiver characteristics such as sex, school status, caregiver work status, and income level. We found a low prevalence of alcohol, marijuana, and substance abuse and dependence disorders. Information about the prevalence of mental health disorders in specific communities and populations can assist in addressing unmet needs, planning for services and treatment, and reducing health disparities.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Prospective Relations among Low-Income African American Adolescents' Maternal Attachment Security, Self-Worth, and Risk Behaviors
    (Frontiers Media, 2017) Lockhart, Ginger; Phillips, Samantha; Bolland, Anneliese; Delgado, Melissa; Tietjen, Juliet; Bolland, John; Utah System of Higher Education; Utah State University; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa; Texas State University System; Texas State University San Marcos
    This study examined prospective mediating relations among mother-adolescent attachment security, self-worth, and risk behaviors, including substance use and violence, across ages 1317 in a sample of 901 low-income African American adolescents. Path analyses revealed that self-worth was a significant mediator between attachment security and risk behaviors, such that earlier attachment security predicted self-worth 1 year later, which in turn, predicted substance use, weapon carrying, and fighting in the 3rd year. Implications for the role of the secure base concept within the context of urban poverty are discussed.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Protective Factors Buffer Life Stress and Behavioral Health Outcomes among High-Risk Youth
    (Springer, 2019) Sharma, Shubam; Mustanski, Brian; Dick, Danielle; Bolland, John; Kertes, Darlene A.; University of Florida; Northwestern University; Feinberg School of Medicine; Virginia Commonwealth University; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa
    This study investigated internalizing problems, externalizing problems, and polydrug use among African-American youth residing in high-poverty neighborhoods, and tested the potential protective effects of religiosity, parental monitoring, and neighborhood collective efficacy on life stress and behavioral health outcomes (N=576; 307 females; Mage=16years, SD=1.44years). A cumulative risk index reflected the combined effects of past year exposure to stressful life events, racial discrimination, and exposure to violence along with poor neighborhood ecology. Structural equation modeling revealed that cumulative risk significantly predicted internalizing problems, externalizing problems, and polydrug use. Interaction tests showed that the association of cumulative risk with internalizing problems was buffered by adolescent religiosity and neighborhood collective efficacy. The association of cumulative risk with externalizing problems was buffered by parental monitoring and collective efficacy. Adolescent sex further moderated these effects. The findings of the present study collectively highlight potential for protective factors to buffer effects of cumulative risk on behavioral health outcomes among youth residing in high-risk neighborhoods.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Sensation Seeking Predicting Growth in Adolescent Problem Behaviors
    (Springer, 2015) Byck, Gayle R.; Swann, Gregory; Schalet, Benjamin; Bolland, John; Mustanski, Brian; Northwestern University; Feinberg School of Medicine; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa
    There is limited literature on the relationship between sensation seeking and adolescent risk behaviors, particularly among African Americans. We tested the association between psychometrically-derived subscales of the Zuckerman Sensation Seeking Scale and the intercepts and slopes of individual growth curves of conduct problems, sexual risk taking, and substance use from ages 13 to 18 years by sex. Boys and girls had different associations between sensation seeking and baseline levels and growth of risk behaviors. The Pleasure Seeking scale was associated with baseline levels of conduct problems in boys and girls, baseline substance use in boys, and growth in sexual risk taking and substance use by girls. Girls had the same pattern of associations with the Danger/Novelty scale as the Pleasure Seeking scale. Knowledge about the relationships between adolescent risk taking and sensation seeking can help in the targeted design of prevention and intervention programs for the understudied population of very low-income, African American adolescents.